Many patients with advanced illness are unrealistically optimistic about their prognosis. We test for the presence of several cognitive biases, including optimism bias, illusion of superiority, self‐deception, misattribution, and optimistic update bias, that could explain unrealistically optimistic prognostic beliefs among advanced cancer patients and quantifies the extent to which hope exacerbates these biases.

中文翻译：

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晚期癌症患者的希望、偏见和生存期望：一项横断面研究

许多晚期疾病患者对其预后不切实际地乐观。我们测试了几种认知偏差的存在，包括乐观偏差、优越感、自欺欺人、错误归因和乐观更新偏差，这可以解释晚期癌症患者不切实际的乐观预后信念，并量化希望加剧这些偏差的程度.