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In Pursuit of Knowledge: Preschoolers Expect Agents to Weigh Information Gain and Information Cost When Deciding Whether to Explore
Child Development ( IF 5.661 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 , DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13557
Rosie Aboody 1 , Caiqin Zhou 2 , Julian Jara-Ettinger 1
Affiliation  

When deciding whether to explore, agents must consider both their need for information and its cost. Do children recognize that exploration reflects a trade-off between action costs and expected information gain, inferring epistemic states accordingly? In two experiments, 4- and 5-year-olds (N = 144; of diverse race and ethnicity) judge that an agent who refuses to obtain low-cost information must have already known it, and an agent who incurs a greater cost to gain information must have a greater epistemic desire. Two control studies suggest that these findings cannot be explained by low-level associations between competence and knowledge. Our results suggest that preschoolers’ theory of mind includes expectations about how costs interact with epistemic desires and states to produce exploratory action.

中文翻译:

追求知识:学龄前儿童在决定是否探索时期望代理人权衡信息增益和信息成本

在决定是否探索时,代理人必须考虑他们对信息的需求和成本。孩子们是否认识到探索反映了行动成本和预期信息增益之间的权衡,从而推断出认知状态?在两个实验中,4 岁和 5 岁的孩子(N  = 144;不同种族和民族)判断拒绝获得低成本信息的代理人必须已经知道它,而承担更大成本的代理人获取信息必须有更大的认知欲望。两项对照研究表明,这些发现不能用能力和知识之间的低水平关联来解释。我们的研究结果表明,学龄前儿童的心理理论包括对成本如何与认知欲望和状态相互作用以产生探索性行为的期望。
更新日期:2021-03-19
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