Catastrophic uncontrolled fires are a leading social-environmental challenge that now occur even in the humid tropics. In 2015 extensive Indonesian peatland fires commanded national and international attention and resulted in a ban on all burning in the country extending to traditional farmers practicing small-scale fire-based agriculture on mineral soils. However, the impacts of, and responses to the ban on these fire-dependent communities is not well understood. Understanding the mental models of communities exposed to environmental change and its corresponding policy responses can provide salient insights into the place-based experience of change to identify contested perceptions and serve to improve the distributional equity of associated impacts. We assessed the mental models of Dayak farmers in Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan, in three distinct landscape contexts: i) oil palm (OP), ii) national park (NP), and iii) transition (T) sites. These locations enabled insights into how different contemporary landscape contexts and livelihood opportunities are related to experiences and coping strategies. We collected data using the Conceptual Content Cognitive Mapping approach in two communities in each landscape context (n = 24 participants per landscape), and 72 interviews in total. Results show that the NP and T sites were most similar, whilst the OP communities held distinct perceptions of fire. In addition to the agricultural value of fire, cultural and relational values are associated with fire use across sites and would be severed through fire prevention. Finally, we show that the burdens of the burn ban for farmers and forests were most pronounced in the NP and T sites where farmers are most reliant on traditional agriculture, have the fewest livelihood alternatives and least external support to fight uncontrolled fires.

灾难性的失控大火是当今社会环境的首要挑战，即使在潮湿的热带地区也是如此。2015年，印度尼西亚广泛的泥炭地大火引起了国家和国际的关注，并禁止在该国进行所有燃烧，扩大到在矿质土壤上进行小规模火基农业生产的传统农民。但是，人们对禁令对这些依赖火的社区的影响和应对措施知之甚少。了解受到环境变化影响的社区的心理模式及其相应的政策响应，可以提供对基于场所的变化经验的深刻见解，以识别有争议的看法，并有助于改善相关影响的分配公平性。我们评估了加里曼丹省卡普阿斯胡鲁的达雅克农民的心理模型，在三个不同的景观环境中：i）油棕（OP），ii）国家公园（NP）和iii）过渡（T）地点。这些位置使我们能够洞悉不同的当代景观环境和生计机会与经验和应对策略之间的关系。我们使用概念内容认知映射方法在每个景观背景下的两个社区中收集了数据（n  =每个景观24位参与者），总共进行72次访谈。结果表明，NP和T地点最相似，而OP社区对火有不同的认识。除了农业用火的价值外，文化和相关价值还与跨站点使用火有关，并且会通过防火措施而被切断。最后，我们表明，在农民最依赖传统农业，生计替代方案最少，外部支持以扑灭失火的NP和T地点，禁令对农民和森林的负担最为明显。