The production, use, and final disposal of goods are directly linked to various environmental impacts caused along their supply chains and over their entire life cycles. When assessing these impacts for energy‐consuming products such as consumer electronics, not only the emissions caused during production but also the energy consumption during the use phase need to be taken into account in order to provide a holistic view on environmental impacts. However, the interplay between a product's lifetime, reduction of demand through higher durability, energy consumption, and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cannot be generalized but requires very specific analyses, which take into account product‐related aspects and their temporal changes as well as the (changing) properties of the energy and use system. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of the interrelation between product lifetime and environmental impacts, particularly GHG emissions, using refrigerators and mobile phones as exemplary products with differing characteristics. Whereas in the case of refrigerators, the strongest impact is caused during the use phase because of high energy consumption and related emissions, mobile phones as representatives of classical consumer electronics have their highest environmental impact during production. To assess impacts for both product categories, two simulation models of product life cycles based on methods from dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) are linked with life cycle inventory (LCI) data and LCA results for the respective products, focusing on the impact category of global warming potential (GWP). By systematically evaluating different scenarios, we show major influences on the overall GHG emissions over a product's lifetime capturing temporal developments and modifications within the target system at European scale. In the case of refrigerators, we show that there is a trend towards increasing optimum lifetimes and that current energy efficiency improvements of new devices do not justify early replacement of older devices and, hence, a reduction of service lifetime. This is also because the GHG emissions of electricity production have continuously decreased with an increasing share of renewable energy sources. Regarding mobile phones, we emphasize the counterproductive effect of unused storage time (hibernation) when taking efforts for increasing the service lifetimes aiming at a reduction of demand for new, resource‐consuming devices.

中文翻译：

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产品使用寿命和温室气体排放之间的联系：针对不同消费品的比较研究

货物的生产，使用和最终处置与沿其供应链以及整个生命周期造成的各种环境影响直接相关。在评估诸如消费电子产品之类的能耗产品的这些影响时，不仅需要考虑生产过程中产生的排放，而且还应考虑使用阶段的能耗，以便对环境影响提供整体看法。但是，产品寿命，通过更高的耐用性减少需求，能源消耗以及相关的温室气体（GHG）排放之间的相互影响无法概括，而是需要进行非常具体的分析，同时还要考虑与产品相关的方面以及它们的时间变化。作为能源和使用系统的（不断变化的）特性。该贡献使用冰箱和移动电话作为具有不同特性的示例性产品，对产品寿命与环境影响（尤其是温室气体排放）之间的相互关系进行了定量评估。对于冰箱而言，由于能耗高以及相关的排放，在使用阶段造成的影响最大，而作为传统消费类电子产品代表的移动电话在生产过程中对环境的影响最大。为了评估这两种产品的影响，将基于动态物料流分析（MFA）方法的两个产品生命周期仿真模型与各自产品的生命周期清单（LCI）数据和LCA结果相链接，重点放在产品的影响类别上。全球变暖潜能值（GWP）。通过系统地评估不同的方案，我们展示了在产品生命周期内对总体温室气体排放的重大影响，从而反映了欧洲范围内目标系统内的暂时发展和变化。对于冰箱，我们表明有一种增加最佳寿命的趋势，并且当前对新设备的能效改进不能证明较早更换旧设备是合理的，因此会缩短使用寿命。这也是因为随着可再生能源份额的增加，电力生产的温室气体排放量不断减少。对于手机，我们在努力延长使用寿命以减少对新的，消耗资源的设备的需求时，强调了未使用的存储时间（休眠）的适得其反的效果。