Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenolic compound that exerts mitigating consequences against various insults due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Sulfoxaflor (SFX), a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used worldwide and leading to deleterious effects on the environment and public health. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Res on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by SFX in the thymus and spleen of rats. Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into six groups; control group, SFX treated groups (24.8 mg/kg or 79.4 mg/kg/day), Res (alone) treated group (20 mg/kg/day), Res + SFX treated groups (20 mg /kg Res + 24.8 mg/kg SFX or 20 mg/kg Res + 79.4 mg/kg SFX) orally for 28 days. Res treatment reversed the significantly elevated white blood cells' count and the reduced count of red blood corpuscles, platelets as well as hemoglobin content of SFX treated rats. Biochemically, Res administration inhibited the remarkably increased serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines as well as thymic and splenic levels of malondialdehyde following SFX treatment. Res treatment ameliorated the conspicuously reduced antioxidant enzymes' activities due to SFX supplementation. The immunomodulatory effect of Res treatment was detected by suppressing the upregulation of the cluster of differentiation (CD)11b and CD3 gene expressions. Histopathological alterations attributed to SFX administration were ameliorated by Res treatment. In conclusion, Res can be used as a protective agent to counteract SFX toxic effects on lymphatic organs through alleviation of the antioxidant defense mechanism and modulation of the inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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白藜芦醇对磺胺嘧啶治疗大鼠胸腺和脾脏炎症状态和氧化应激的影响

白藜芦醇 (Res)，一种多酚化合物，由于其抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节特性，可以减轻各种伤害。Sulfoxaflor (SFX) 是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂，已在世界范围内使用，并对环境和公共健康造成有害影响。本研究旨在探讨 Res 对 SFX 诱导的大鼠胸腺和脾脏炎症反应和氧化应激的保护作用。三十六斯普拉格·道利将大鼠随机分为六组；对照组、SFX 治疗组（24.8 mg/kg 或 79.4 mg/kg/天）、Res（单独）治疗组（20 mg/kg/天）、Res + SFX 治疗组（20 mg/kg Res + 24.8 mg/ kg SFX 或 20 mg/kg Res + 79.4 mg/kg SFX) 口服 28 天。Res 治疗逆转了 SFX 治疗大鼠显着升高的白细胞计数和红细胞、血小板以及血红蛋白含量的减少。在生化方面，Res 给药抑制了 SFX 治疗后炎症细胞因子的血清水平显着增加以及丙二醛的胸腺和脾脏水平。Res 治疗改善了由于 SFX 补充而显着降低的抗氧化酶的活性。通过抑制分化簇 (CD)11b 和 CD3 基因表达的上调来检测 Res 治疗的免疫调节作用。Res 治疗改善了归因于 SFX 给药的组织病理学改变。总之，Res 可用作保护剂，通过减轻抗氧化防御机制和调节炎症反应来抵消 SFX 对淋巴器官的毒性作用。