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Gastrointestinal infection in Italy during the Roman Imperial and Longobard periods: A paleoparasitological analysis of sediment from skeletal remains and sewer drains
International Journal of Paleopathology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.03.001
Marissa L Ledger 1 , Ileana Micarelli 2 , Devin Ward 3 , Tracy L Prowse 4 , Maureen Carroll 5 , Kristina Killgrove 6 , Candace Rice 7 , Tyler Franconi 7 , Mary Anne Tafuri 2 , Giorgio Manzi 2 , Piers D Mitchell 1
Affiliation  

Objective

This study aims to investigate parasitic infection in Italy during the Roman period (27 BCE–476 CE) and subsequent Longobard (Lombard) period (6th–8th CE).

Materials

Sediment samples from drains and burials from Roman Imperial-period sites in Italy (Lucus Feroniae, Oplontis, Vacone, and Vagnari), Late Antique and Longobard-period burials at Selvicciola (ca. 4th–8th CE), and Longobard-period burials at Vacone and Povegliano Veronese.

Methods

Microscopy was used to identify helminth eggs and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect protozoan antigens.

Results

Roundworm and whipworm were found in pelvic sediment from Roman-period burials, while roundworm and the protozoan Giardia duodenalis were identified in Roman-period drains. In pelvic sediment from the Late Antique through Longobard periods, roundworm and Taenia tapeworm eggs were identified.

Conclusions

Fecal-oral parasites were found throughout Imperial Roman Italy, suggesting that gastrointestinal infections caused a significant disease burden. In the Longobard period we see continuity in transmission of fecal-oral parasites, and the appearance of zoonotic parasites acquired from eating undercooked meat.

Significance

A wealth of information exists about certain diseases in the Roman period, but relatively little is known about intestinal parasites in Italy during the Roman and Longobard periods. This is the first evidence for Giardia in Roman period Italy, and for any parasites in the Longobard period in Italy.

Limitations

Low egg concentrations and lack of controls for some samples makes it difficult to differentiate true infections from environmental contamination in some cases.

Suggestions for future research

Continual study of samples from Roman and Longobard period Italy.



中文翻译:

罗马帝国和朗巴德时期意大利的胃肠道感染:骨骼遗骸和下水道沉积物的古寄生虫学分析

客观的

本研究旨在调查罗马时期(公元前 27 年至公元 476 年)和随后的隆巴德(伦巴第)时期(公元 6 至 8 世纪)意大利的寄生虫感染。

材料

来自意大利罗马帝国时期遗址(Lucus Feroniae、Oplontis、Vacone 和 Vagnari)、Selvicciola(约公元 4 至 8 世纪)的晚古董和隆巴德时期墓葬以及隆巴德时期墓葬的沉积物样本瓦科内和波韦利亚诺·委罗内塞。

方法

显微镜用于鉴定蠕虫卵和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)用于检测原生动物抗原。

结果

在罗马时期墓葬的盆腔沉积物中发现了蛔虫和鞭虫,而在罗马时期的排水沟中发现了蛔虫和原生动物十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫。在从晚仿古通过Longobard时期,蛔虫和盆腔泥沙带绦虫绦虫卵进行鉴定。

结论

在整个罗马帝国意大利都发现了粪口寄生虫,这表明胃肠道感染造成了重大的疾病负担。在 Longobard 时期,我们看到粪口寄生虫传播的连续性,以及因食用未煮熟的肉而获得的人畜共患寄生虫的出现。

意义

关于罗马时期某些疾病的大量信息存在,但对罗马时期和隆巴德时期意大利的肠道寄生虫知之甚少。这是罗马时期意大利贾第虫的第一个证据,也是意大利隆巴德时期任何寄生虫的第一个证据。

限制

在某些情况下,鸡蛋浓度低和缺乏对某些样本的控制使得很难区分真正的感染和环境污染。

对未来研究的建议

继续研究来自罗马和隆巴德时期意大利的样本。

更新日期:2021-03-18
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