Univerbation is the syntagmatic condensation of a sequence of words recurrent in discourse into one word, as when the Spanish combination a tras (to back) becomes atrás ‘behind’. It affects both lexemes and grammatical formatives. Unlike processes of word formation, including conversion of a syntactic construction into a word, as in forget-me-not , and compounding, as in Spanish lavaplatos ‘dishwasher’, univerbation is a spontaneous process. There are two main types of univerbation: phrasal univerbation downgrades a phrase to a word, as when Latin terrae motus ‘earth’s movement’ becomes Spanish terremoto ‘earthquake’. Transgressive univerbation coalesces a string of words which do not form a syntagma into a word, as when French par ce que becomes parce que . A set of univerbations may share structural features and may therefore evolve into a pattern of compounding. Thus, blackbird originated by univerbation, but may now provide a pattern of compounding. As a consequence, univerbation and compounding are not always easily distinguishable. The discussion uses empirical evidence adduced in earlier work, mostly from Romance and Germanic languages. Its aim is not to present novel phenomena but to provide a theoretical background for the phenomenology and improve on available analyses.

中文翻译：

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单语

单语是将话语中经常出现的一系列单词的组合压缩成一个单词，就像当西班牙语组合中的“ tras”（返回）成为“atrás”“ behind”时一样。它既影响词素也影响语法形成。与单词形成过程不同，包括将句法结构转换成单词（如勿忘我）和复合（如西班牙lavaplatos的“洗碗碟机”），单语是自发的过程。单词有两种主要类型：短语单词将短语降级为单词，就像拉丁语Terra Motus的“地球运动”变成了西班牙Terremoto的“地震”一样。侵略性的单字不动词将不构成共面的一连串词合并为一个词，就像当法语单词成为parce que时一样。一组单义词可能共享结构特征，因此可能演变为复合模式。因此，黑鸟起源于单语，但现在可以提供一种复合模式。结果，单语和复合并不总是容易区分的。讨论使用了早期工作中引用的经验证据，这些证据主要来自罗曼语和日耳曼语。它的目的不是提出新颖的现象，而是为现象学提供理论背景并改进可用的分析。