ABSTRACT

The growth in world energy demand for oil has provided an increase in its exploration, production, and transportation in onshore or offshore operations. However, during these activities, oil spills can occur due to leaks, corrosion of pipes, blow-outs, among others. Oil spills contaminate the environment, affecting soil, surface water, and even beaches sands. The remediation of contaminated sediments, such as sand and soils, is an arduous task since the oil adsorbs on the surfaces of the grains and is difficult to remove. Currently, the remediation of contaminated sediments can be carried out by physical, chemical, biological methods, or a combination of them. Among the methods applied for treatment, the use of microemulsified systems has stood out in the scientific scope due to the good results of removal efficiency, reduction of the amount of surfactant, and the possibility of using biodegradable surfactants. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of microemulsified systems for the remediation of sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons. Also, we discussed the limitations of the existing methodologies and the action of the microemulsion in the sediment.

摘要

世界石油能源需求的增长推动了石油在陆上或海上作业中的勘探、生产和运输。然而，在这些活动中，由于泄漏、管道腐蚀、井喷等原因可能会发生漏油。石油泄漏污染环境，影响土壤、地表水，甚至沙滩。污染沉积物，如沙子和土壤，修复是一项艰巨的任务，因为油类吸附在谷物表面并且难以去除。目前，污染沉积物的修复可以通过物理、化学、生物方法或它们的组合进行。在应用于处理的方法中，微乳化系统的使用由于去除效率的良好效果而在科学范围内脱颖而出，减少表面活性​​剂的用量，以及使用可生物降解的表面活性剂的可能性。因此，本文全面回顾了微乳化系统在修复碳氢化合物污染沉积物中的应用。此外，我们还讨论了现有方法的局限性以及微乳液在沉积物中的作用。