Much attention has been directed toward the development of new energetic materials to achieve the increasingly demanding performance of high-speed propulsion systems. Nanothermite is one of the main approaches for the development of new energetic materials by the close integration of oxidizer and metal fuel. This study is devoted to evaluating the impact of different carbon nanomaterials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers) on the thermal behavior of nanothermites based on potassium perchlorate and nano aluminium powder. Nanothermite compositions were prepared using a conventional sonication method. The morphology of nanothermites was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed that the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed without agglomeration. The structure of nanothermite was also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of carbon nanomaterials on the combustion behavior of nanothermite was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and bomb calorimetry. There was good agreement between results from DSC and bomb calorimetry. In general, the total heat released improved with the addition of carbon nanomaterials and particularly graphene oxide, which generated the highest increase in the heat of combustion. In addition, the maximum decomposition temperature shifted to a lower temperature, which indicates enhanced ignition characteristics. This is the first time reporting on the synthesis and characterization of tertiary nanothermites based on nano-aluminum, potassium perchlorate, and carbon nanosize materials. It can be concluded that these novel nanothermite compositions exhibit dramatically improved properties as demonstrated by a 200 % increase in the heat of combustion with only a 5 % addition of graphene oxide. Moreover, the ignition temperature decreased from 545.1 °C to 508.7 °C enhancing the overall combustion characteristics.

中文翻译：

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具有增强燃烧特性的三次纳米铝热剂 CNMs/Al/KClO4 的合成与表征

很多注意力都集中在新能源材料的开发上，以实现对高速推进系统日益苛刻的性能。纳米铝热剂是通过氧化剂和金属燃料的紧密结合开发新型含能材料的主要途径之一。本研究致力于评估不同碳纳米材料（氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维）对基于高氯酸钾和纳米铝粉的纳米铝热剂热行为的影响。使用常规超声处理方法制备纳米铝热剂组合物。纳米铝热剂的形貌通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散谱 (EDS) 进行表征，这证实了纳米颗粒均匀分散而没有团聚。纳米铝热剂的结构还通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和拉曼光谱进行了表征。通过热重分析 (TGA)、差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 和弹式量热法评估碳纳米材料对纳米铝热剂燃烧行为的影响。DSC 和弹式量热法的结果有很好的一致性。一般来说，随着碳纳米材料的加入，特别是氧化石墨烯，释放的总热量得到改善，这产生了最大的燃烧热增加。此外，最高分解温度转移到较低温度，这表明点火特性增强。这是首次报道了基于纳米铝、高氯酸钾和碳纳米材料的三级纳米铝热剂的合成和表征。可以得出结论，这些新型纳米铝热剂组合物表现出显着改善的性能，如仅添加 5% 的氧化石墨烯，燃烧热增加 200% 所证明的。此外，点火温度从 545.1 °C 降低到 508.7 °C，增强了整体燃烧特性。