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The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forest in Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s00334-021-00829-y
Sigrún Dögg Eddudóttir , Eva Svensson , Stefan Nilsson , Anneli Ekblom , Karl-Johan Lindholm , Annie Johansson

Shielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmstead to sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. This paper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland, western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area near Kårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impact are charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca. ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250, possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomery iron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollen assemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sites in Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The study highlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.



中文翻译:

花粉分析的新证据表明,瑞典韦姆兰北方森林的定居和耕地土地使用历史

Shielings是斯堪的纳维亚半岛历史上著名的超人类形式,在那里牲畜从农庄搬到外地,以便夏季放牧。花粉分析为了解谢林的历史提供了宝贵的见识。本文介绍了瑞典西部北部韦姆兰北部谢林Kårebolssätern进行的植被重建和考古调查,经过整修的谢林至今仍在使用。在Kårebolssätern附近地区人类活动的第一个证据是大麦大麻型的花粉粒,大约从大约1年开始出现。公元前100年。人为影响的进一步迹象是木炭和零星出现的古生植物花粉。广告250和花粉表明树冠打开。广告570,可能是由于修改了放牧林的结果。广告之间的土地使用量减少了1000年和1250年,这可能是由于对重点转向偏远地区大规模商品生产的反应。强调铁皮生产和坑坑洼洼可能导致了农业耕sh活动的转变。花粉组合最明显的变化表明放牧和耕种始于13世纪中叶,与小冰河时代初期的湿润气候相吻合。记录中最早出现的人为食道动物早于瑞典其他谢林遗址。花粉分析揭示了在考古调查结果之前的土地利用证据。该研究突出了花粉分析如何揭示早期考古遗迹模糊的植被变化。

更新日期:2021-03-17
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