Telencephalic cognitive and emotional circuits/functions are strongly modulated by subcortical inputs. The main focus of past research on the nature of this modulation has been on the widespread monoamine projections to the telencephalon. However, the nucleus incertus (NI) of the pontine tegmentum provides a strong GABAergic and peptidergic innervation of the hippocampus, basal forebrain, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and related regions; and represents a parallel source of ascending modulation of cognitive and emotional domains. NI GABAergic neurons express multiple peptides, including neuromedin-B, cholecystokinin and relaxin-3 and receptors for stress and arousal transmitters, including corticotrophin-releasing factor and orexins/hypocretins. A functional relationship exists between NI neurons and their associated peptides, relaxin-3 and neuromedin-B, and hippocampal theta rhythm, which in turn, has a key role in the acquisition and extinction of declarative and emotional memories. Furthermore, RXFP3, the cognate receptor for relaxin-3, is a Gi/o-protein-coupled receptor, and its activation inhibits cellular accumulation of cAMP and induces phosphorylation of ERK, processes associated with memory formation in the hippocampus and amygdala. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of NI transmitter systems in relaying stress- and arousal-related signals to the higher neural circuits and processes associated with memory formation and retrieval.

中文翻译：

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不育核和relaxin-3 / RXFP3信号系统参与显性和隐性内存

大脑下的认知和情绪回路/功能受到皮层下输入的强烈调节。过去有关这种调制性质的研究的主要重点一直是对端脑的广泛单胺投射。然而，桥脑桥被盖的不育核（NI）为海马，基底前脑，杏仁核，前额叶皮层和相关区域提供了强大的GABA能和肽能神经支配。并代表认知领域和情感领域提升调节的并行来源。NI GABA能神经元表达多种肽，包括Neuromedin-B，胆囊收缩素和Relaxin-3，以及应激和唤醒传递因子的受体，包括促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子和食欲肽/降血糖素。NI神经元及其相关肽之间存在功能关系，Relaxin-3和Neuromedin-B，以及海马theta节律，这反过来在陈述性和情感性记忆的获得和消退中起关键作用。此外，RXFP3是松弛素3的同源受体，是Gi / o蛋白偶联的受体，其激活抑制cAMP的细胞蓄积并诱导ERK磷酸化，这是与海马和杏仁核中记忆形成相关的过程。因此，本综述总结了NI发射器系统在将与压力和唤醒相关的信号中继到与记忆形成和检索相关的高级神经回路和过程中的作用。是Gi / o-蛋白偶联受体，其激活抑制cAMP的细胞蓄积并诱导ERK的磷酸化，ERK的磷酸化与海马和杏仁核的记忆形成有关。因此，本综述总结了NI发射器系统在将与压力和唤醒相关的信号中继到与记忆形成和检索相关的高级神经回路和过程中的作用。是Gi / o-蛋白偶联受体，其激活抑制cAMP的细胞蓄积并诱导ERK的磷酸化，ERK的磷酸化与海马和杏仁核的记忆形成有关。因此，本综述总结了NI发射器系统在将与压力和唤醒相关的信号中继到与记忆形成和检索相关的高级神经回路和过程中的作用。