This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach, along with Vietnam's legal frameworks, to design an automatic hydro-meteorological (HM) observation network for a real-time flood warning system in Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin, Vietnam. The automatic HM monitoring network consists of weather-proof enclosures containing data loggers, rechargeable batteries, sensors for air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, water level with attached solar panels and mounted upon masts located at fixed ground stations. A total of 20 meteorological stations and five hydrological stations have been built in VGTB river basin. To capture changes in weather and stream flow in the basin, the 5-minute and half-hour recording frequency options were set for meteorological and hydrological variables, respectively. All HM data was transmitted every 30 minutes to the data server at the data processing centre via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. These data were then input into hydrological-hydraulic models for inundation simulation in the basin. The results showed that the performance of flood simulation at hourly time step has significantly improved during flood events in September and November 2015. Overall, near-real-time HM data recording from an automatic monitoring network proved beneficial for an flood early warning system.

本文提出了一种跨学科的方法，以及越南的法律框架，为越南Vu Gia-Thu Bon（VGTB）流域的实时洪水预警系统设计了一个自动水文气象（HM）观测网络。HM自动监视网络由防风雨外壳组成，其中包含数据记录器，可充电电池，空气温度，空气湿度，太阳辐射，风速，水位传感器以及已连接的太阳能电池板，并安装在固定地面站上的桅杆上。VGTB流域共建成了20个气象站和5个水文站。为了捕获流域内天气和水流的变化，分别为气象和水文变量设置了5分钟和半小时的记录频率选项。所有HM数据每30分钟通过全球移动通信系统（GSM）/通用分组无线服务（GPRS）网络传输到数据处理中心的数据服务器。然后将这些数据输入到水文-水力模型中，以便对该盆地进行淹没模拟。结果表明，在2015年9月和2015年11月的洪水事件中，按小时步长进行洪水模拟的性能已得到显着改善。总体而言，来自自动监控网络的近实时HM数据记录证明对洪水预警系统是有益的。