The purpose of this study is to identify the types of cognitive biases in the process of information retrieval. This research used a mixed-method approach for data collection. The research population consisted of 25 information retrieval specialists and 30 post-graduate students. We employed three tools for collecting data, including a checklist, log files and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that from the perspective of information retrieval specialists, the cognitive biases such as ‘Familiarity’, ‘Anchoring’, ‘Rush to solve’ and ‘Curse of knowledge’ could be of the greatest importance in the field of information retrieval. Also, in terms of users’ searching, the ‘Rush to solve problems’ and ‘Mere exposure effects’ biases have the highest frequency, and the ‘Outcome’ and ‘Curse of knowledge’ biases have the lowest frequency in the process of user retrieval information. It can be concluded that, because cognitive biases occurring in information retrieval, designers of information retrieval systems and librarians should pay attention to this issue in designing and evaluating information systems.

这项研究的目的是确定信息检索过程中认知偏见的类型。这项研究使用了一种混合方法进行数据收集。研究人群包括25名信息检索专家和30名研究生。我们采用了三种工具来收集数据，包括清单，日志文件和半结构化访谈。研究结果表明，从信息检索专家的角度来看，诸如“熟悉”，“锚定”，“急于解决”和“知识的诅咒”之类的认知偏见在信息检索领域中可能是最重要的。另外，就用户搜索而言，“急于解决问题”和“仅暴露影响”的偏见出现频率最高，在用户检索信息的过程中，“结果”和“知识的诅咒”偏见出现的频率最低。可以得出结论，由于信息检索中出现认知偏差，因此信息检索系统的设计者和图书馆员在设计和评估信息系统时应注意此问题。