Just as one line appears to be longer than another in an optical illusion, we can have a spontaneous moral judgment that one individual is more important than another. Sometimes such judgments can lead to moral illusions like speciesism and other kinds of discrimination. Moral illusions are persistent spontaneous judgments that violate our deepest moral values and distract us away from a rational, authentic ethic. They generate pseudo-ethics, similar to pseudoscience. The antidote against moral illusions is the ethical principle to avoid unwanted arbitrariness. Speciesism involves unwanted arbitrariness, and psychological research as well as the problem of wild animal suffering demonstrate that moral illusions such as speciesism can be very persistent.

中文翻译：

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物种主义、任意性和道德错觉

正如在视错觉中一条线看起来比另一条线长一样，我们可以自发地做出一个人比另一个人更重要的道德判断。有时，这种判断会导致道德幻觉，如物种歧视和其他类型的歧视。道德错觉是持续的自发判断，它违反了我们最深层的道德价值观，并使我们远离理性、真实的伦理。他们产生伪伦理，类似于伪科学。对抗道德幻想的解药是避免不必要的任意性的伦理原则。物种主义涉及不必要的任意性，心理学研究以及野生动物的痛苦问题表明，诸如物种主义之类的道德幻想可能非常持久。