Background. For decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been known as men’s disease. However, recent research studies showed that they have become more common in women. Smoking is a strong risk factor for CVD especially that of coronary artery disease (CAD). Several studies reported that women are more susceptible to drastic sequels of smoking than men. There is limited data regarding the impact of smoking on post-revascularization clinical events stratified by gender. This study aimed to investigate if gender significantly changes the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among those with history of smoking. Methods. Participants were selected from two hospitals from 2003 to 2019. Among patients who had PCI (index PCI), those with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI were included. Exclusion criteria were defined as primary PCI and those with multiple prior revascularizations. Participants were followed up seeking for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including revascularization (PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting), myocardial infarction, and coronary death in three time intervals according to the time of index PCI (short term: up to 24 hours, mid-term: 24 hours to less than 6 months, and long term: more than 6 months). Results. Of the 1799 patients, 61% were men and 47.08% had history of smoking (75% of the smokers were men). At the time of index PCI, smokers were significantly younger than nonsmokers. Also, MACE were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers, which was particularly pronounced at the long-term interval. In the nonsmokers group, there was no difference in MACE occurrence between men and women. However, of the smokers, women showed significantly higher MACE rate compared with men peers. Conclusion. Smoking makes women more prone to MACE in comparison to men among patients with stable CAD after PCI with drug-eluting stent.

中文翻译：

---

与男性相比，吸烟对女性经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后临床结果的影响

背景。几十年来，心血管疾病（CVD）一直被称为男性疾病。然而，最近的研究表明，它们在女性中变得更加普遍。吸烟是心血管疾病的一个重要危险因素，尤其是冠状动脉疾病 (CAD)。几项研究报告说，女性比男性更容易受到严重的吸烟后遗症的影响。关于吸烟对按性别分层的血运重建后临床事件的影响的数据有限。本研究旨在调查性别是否显着改变有吸烟史的患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI) 后不良临床结局的发生率。方法. 参与者选自 2003 年至 2019 年的两家医院。在接受 PCI（索引 PCI）的患者中，包括接受择期 PCI 的稳定型 CAD 患者。排除标准被定义为直接 PCI 和有多次血运重建的那些。根据 PCI 指数的时间间隔（短期：最长 24 小时，中期：24 小时至 6 个月以下，长期：6 个月以上）。结果. 1799例患者中，61%为男性，47.08%有吸烟史（75%的吸烟者为男性）。在指数 PCI 时，吸烟者明显比不吸烟者年轻。此外，吸烟者的 MACE 显着高于非吸烟者，这在长期间隔内尤其明显。在非吸烟者组中，男性和女性的 MACE 发生率没有差异。然而，在吸烟者中，女性的 MACE 率明显高于男性。结论。在使用药物洗脱支架进行 PCI 后的稳定型 CAD 患者中，与男性相比，吸烟使女性更容易发生 MACE。