In Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a final‐instar wandering larva typically undergoes an ontogenetic niche shift (ONS), from potato plant during the foraging stage to its pupation site below ground. Using high‐throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we determined the hypothesis that the L. decemlineata pupae harbor stage‐specific bacteria to meet the physiological requirements for underground habitat. We identified 34 bacterial phyla, comprising 73 classes, 208 orders, 375 families, and 766 genera in the collected specimens. Microbes across phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were enriched in the pupae, while those in the phylum Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated in the larvae and adults. A total of 18 genera, including Blastococcus, Corynebacterium_1, Gordonia, Microbacterium, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Rhodococcus, Solirubrobacter, Tsukamurella, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Escherichia_Shigella, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas, were specifically distributed in pupae. Moreover, soil sterilizing removed a major portion of bacteria in pupae. Specifically, both Enterococcus and Pseudomonas were eliminated in the soil sterilizing and antibiotic‐fed beetle groups. Furthermore, the pupation rate and fresh pupal weight were similar, whereas the emergence rate and adult weight were decreased in the antibiotic‐fed beetles, compared with controls. The results demonstrate that a switch of bacterial communities occurs in the pupae; the pupal‐specific bacteria genera are mainly originated from soil; this bacterial biodiversity improves pupa performance in soil. Our results provide new insight into the evolutionary fitness of L. decemlineata to different environmental niches.

中文翻译：

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落叶小球藻的微生物区系转换与个体发育的生态位转移

在Leptinotarsa decemlineata中，末龄幼虫徘徊的幼虫通常会经历自体生态位转变（ONS），从马铃薯植物在觅食阶段到地下的化p点。使用细菌16S核糖体RNA基因的高通量测序，我们确定了假单胞菌L. decemlineata的假说harbor具有特定阶段的细菌，可以满足地下栖息地的生理要求。我们在收集的标本中鉴定出34个细菌门，包括73个类，208个目，375个科和766个属。across中细菌，变形虫，放线菌，放线杆菌和拟杆菌的微生物富集，而幼虫和成年菌中门菌，tenericutes，Firmicutes和拟杆菌的微生物居多。共有18个属，包括芽孢杆菌，棒状杆菌_1，戈登尼亚，微细菌，诺卡氏菌，诺卡氏菌，红球菌，单核细菌，冢卡氏菌，肠球菌，不动杆菌，大肠杆菌_志贺氏菌，溶杆菌，假单胞菌和嗜麦芽单胞菌，专门分布在p中。此外，土壤灭菌去除了p中的大部分细菌。具体而言，在土壤灭菌和抗生素喂养的甲虫组中，肠球菌和假单胞菌均被淘汰。此外，与对照组相比，用抗生素喂养的甲虫的化up率和新鲜p重相似，而出苗率和成年体重降低。结果表明，the中发生了细菌群落的转换。specific特有细菌属主要起源于土壤。这种细菌的生物多样性改善了在土壤中的表现。我们的结果提供了新的洞察力，L。decemlineata适应不同环境利基的进化。