Soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as phenanthrene is extremely detrimental to the environment and to all living organisms, which is why appropriate remediation techniques are required. Here we tested single and combination effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis BEG 87 and a soil amendment that results from the fermentation of organic matter through the activity of efficient microorganisms (Bokashi) on maize (Zea mays L.) growth performance, when exposed to phenanthrene. Main results showed that phenanthrene reduced total maize dry biomass, though only in mycorrhizal plants. The AMF root colonization respectively increased and decreased with Bokashi and phenanthrene. Growth suppressions in maize with AMF are common, but to our knowledge this has not been shown in combination with PAH. Possible mechanisms involved in this growth suppression could be related with increased phenanthrene uptake and hence increased plant toxicity or that phenanthrene impaired possible benefits from AMF in terms of nutrient acquisition, which could have resulted in the imbalance of the cost-benefit of the mycorrhizal association leading to growth suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms for this observed negative mycorrhiza growth response in maize when exposed to phenanthrene remains to be identified.

菲等多环芳烃（PAH）对土壤的污染对环境和所有活生物体都极为有害，这就是为什么需要适当的补救技术的原因。在这里，我们测试了丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）不规则根瘤菌BEG 87和土壤改良剂的单一作用和组合作用，该土壤改良剂是通过有效微生物（Bokashi）对玉米（Zea mays）的活性对有机物质进行发酵而产生的L.）暴露于菲时的生长性能。主要结果表明，菲仅在菌根植物中减少了玉米总干生物量。Bokashi和菲对AMF根的定殖分别增加和减少。使用AMF抑制玉米生长很常见，但据我们所知，与PAH结合使用尚无结果。抑制这种生长的可能机制可能与增加菲吸收并因此增加植物毒性有关，或者菲损害了AMF在养分获取方面的可能利益，这可能导致菌根协会导致的成本效益失衡。抑制生长。然而，