In response to the crisis of racist disparities in maternal mortality, many activists are pushing for increased access to birth doulas for Black women. As states and municipalities respond by incorporating doulas into hospital settings with increasingly common requirements for doula certification, it is more important than ever to investigate the role of doulas, and how that role might change under the medical model of birth within US hospitals. Will activism for doulas turn into arguments for the “right” to a doula? Without the full privileges of citizenship—will the most marginalized women be left out of that right despite their health and safety being at the origins of the activist struggle? To investigate these questions, we can look to the history of midwives in the United States, and examine how the midwifery model of childbirth changed as activists fought for increased access to midwives to improve birth outcomes.

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保护黑人母亲：助产史可如何指导导乐活动

为了应对孕产妇死亡率中种族主义差异的危机，许多激进主义者正在推动增加黑人妇女获得分娩的机会。随着各州和市政当局通过将导尿管纳入医院环境而对导尿管认证要求越来越高的要求来做出回应，调查导尿管的作用以及在美国医院的分娩医学模式下该作用可能如何变化比以往任何时候都更为重要。对导乐的行动主义会变成对导乐的“权利”的争论吗？如果没有公民权的全部特权，那么尽管边缘化的妇女的健康和安全是激进主义者斗争的根源，但他们会否被排除在这项权利之外？为了调查这些问题，我们可以回顾一下美国助产士的历史，