Aquaculture generates diverse externalities depending on factors such as the production system and the facility’s location. Most negative externalities correspond to environmental deterioration, such as high nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in effluent discharge or greenhouse gas emissions from energy production. This paper proposes a marginal approach to analyze the effect of public policies aimed at controlling the negative externalities of aquaculture on social utility. First, the theoretical model is described. Second, Mexican public policies that impact aquaculture production, which consist of two contradictory tools that affect CO₂ emissions, a general emissions tax applied nationwide imbibed in the price of fuel to discourage its use, and a subsidy, applied to agriculture and aquaculture, on fuel and energy consumption, are analyzed. Third, a hypothetical model is applied to the shrimp larvae production industry that evaluates the impact of Mexican policies and the introduction of new technologies on social utility. Finally, the results observed are discussed alongside recommendations on the application of subsides to promote public policies that encourage sustainable aquaculture.

水产养殖会根据生产系统和设施的位置等因素而产生多种多样的外部性。大多数负面外部影响都与环境恶化相对应，例如废水排放中的高氮和磷浓度或能源生产中的温室气体排放。本文提出了一种边际方法来分析旨在控制水产养殖的负面外部性对社会效用的公共政策的影响。首先，描述理论模型。第二，影响水产养殖生产的墨西哥公共政策，由影响CO ₂的两个相互矛盾的工具组成排放量，分析了在全国范围内征收的一般排放税，以抑制燃料的使用，并分析了对农业和水产养殖业在燃料和能源消耗方面的补贴。第三，将假想模型应用于虾苗生产行业，该模型评估了墨西哥政策的影响以及新技术对社会效用的引入。最后，讨论了观察到的结果以及关于应用补贴以促进鼓励可持续水产养殖的公共政策的建议。