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The Impact of Earnings variability and Regulatory Measures on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Panel Regression
Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.2478/jcbtp-2021-0009
Amina Malik 1 , Haroon Aziz 2 , Buerhan Saiti 3 , Shahab Ud Din 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of variability in earnings, stringent regulatory measures and the trend of extending loans while keeping in view deposit ratio on income smoothening practices for a sample of 20 commercial banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from the year 2010 to 2017. The likelihood of smoothing activities is measured through its widely used proxy, i.e. loan loss provisions (LLPs). Moreover, earnings before tax and provisions (EBTP) and loan to deposit ratio (LD) have been incorporated to determine the impact of earnings and loans to deposit ratio on income smoothening. We find that commercial banks are less likely to manage earnings through smoothening practices, which shows that commercial banks adhere to regulatory restrictions. This is further supported by the fact that income smoothing activities decrease as a result of the increase in capital adequacy ratios after the imposition of stringent rules, which exert greater regulatory pressure on banks, whereas the pace of income smoothing increases as a result of an increase in loans to deposit ratio, which reveals that banks take credit risk but manage within the ambit of regulatory restrictions. Based on the findings, we argue that the imposition of regulatory restrictions through the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has not only discouraged income smoothening through loan loss provisions but also enhances reporting quality. The results of this study provide useful insights for investors, creditors and stakeholders.



中文翻译:

收入变化和监管措施对收入平滑的影响:面板回归的证据

摘要

这项研究调查了巴基斯坦2010年至2007年间在巴基斯坦证券交易所(PSX)上市的20家商业银行样本中的收入变化,严格的监管措施以及扩大贷款的趋势,同时保留了存款比率对收入平滑做法的影响。 2017年。平滑活动的可能性通过其广泛使用的代理来衡量,即贷款损失准备金(LLP)。此外,合并了税前准备金(EBTP)和贷存比(LD),以确定收益和贷存比对收入平滑的影响。我们发现,商业银行不太可能通过平滑做法来管理收益,这表明商业银行遵守监管规定。实施严格的规则后,由于资本充足率的提高导致收入平滑活动减少,这进一步证明了这一点,这给银行带来了更大的监管压力,而收入平滑的步伐却由于增加而增加了。在贷存比方面,这表明银行承担了信用风险,但在监管限制的范围内进行管理。根据调查结果,我们认为,通过巴基斯坦国家银行(SBP)实施监管限制,不仅不鼓励通过贷款损失准备金来使收入趋于平稳,而且可以提高报告质量。这项研究的结果为投资者,债权人和利益相关者提供了有用的见解。这给银行带来了更大的监管压力,而由于贷存比的增加,收入平滑的步伐加快了,这表明银行承担了信用风险,但在监管限制的范围内进行管理。根据调查结果,我们认为,通过巴基斯坦国家银行(SBP)实施监管限制,不仅不鼓励通过贷款损失准备金来使收入趋于平稳,而且可以提高报告质量。这项研究的结果为投资者,债权人和利益相关者提供了有用的见解。这给银行带来了更大的监管压力,而由于贷存比的增加,收入平滑的步伐加快了,这表明银行承担了信用风险,但是却在监管限制的范围内进行管理。根据调查结果,我们认为,通过巴基斯坦国家银行(SBP)实施监管限制,不仅不鼓励通过贷款损失准备金来使收入趋于平稳,而且可以提高报告质量。这项研究的结果为投资者,债权人和利益相关者提供了有用的见解。我们认为,通过巴基斯坦国家银行(SBP)施加的监管限制不仅阻碍了通过贷款损失准备金的收支平衡,而且还提高了报告质量。这项研究的结果为投资者,债权人和利益相关者提供了有用的见解。我们认为,通过巴基斯坦国家银行(SBP)施加的监管限制不仅阻碍了通过贷款损失准备金的收支平衡,而且还提高了报告质量。这项研究的结果为投资者,债权人和利益相关者提供了有用的见解。

更新日期:2021-01-01
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