This paper reviews Louw’s (1993 and subsequent publications) deployment of reference corpora in the light of existing philosophical and linguistic milestones when it comes to the notion of the truthfulness of a proposition. Louw (William Ernest. 1993. Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies. In Mona Baker, Gill Francis & Elena Tognini-Bonelli (eds.), Text and technology: In honour of John Sinclair , 152–176. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) resorts to reference corpora in order either to explicate a rhetorical device (in Louw 1993, that of irony) or to attempt to reveal the true attitude of the speaker to his/her own proposition (including instances of insincerity). Using two methods (co-selection and wildcarding), an author’s collocational patterns in context are checked against those in the reference corpus, also in context. The frequent lexical variables of grammar strings are taken to represent that string’s corpus-derived subtext. Recently, Louw’s Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT) has revealed the mechanism of prospection, whereby the grammatical pattern in the first line of a poem anticipates by its most frequent lexical collocates the themes in the remainder of the poem (Louw, Bill & Milojkovic, Marija. 2016. Corpus stylistics as contextual prosodic theory and subtext , 176–183. Amsterdam: John Benjamins). The philosophical background of Louw’s CPT is the works of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein (Louw, William Ernest. 2010a. Collocation as instrumentation for meaning: A scientific fact. In Willie van Peer, Vander Viana & Sonia Zyngier (eds.), Literary education and digital learning: methods and technologies for humanities studies , 79–101. Hershey, PA: IGI Global and subsequent works) and could be said to be in need of further explanation and illustration. The paper discusses Louw’s take on insincerity (1993) as the speaker’s attitude to the truthfulness of her own statement from the point of view of Frege’s Sinn/Bedeutung distinction, Russell’s logical language, and Wittgenstein’s attitude to the relationship between language and reality. Since prospection may be considered objective proof of the effectiveness of Louw’s approach, an instance of prospection from a poem by Brodsky is used to show that Wittgenstein’s concern for the truthfulness of propositions may be viewed as both the guarantor and the beneficiary of Louw’s views. Additionally, the paper presents an example of prospection in the first line of a novel, Don DeLillo’s White Noise . However, other grammatical patterns in the passage studied in this paper do not contain deviations from the corpus norm, which conforms to the existing commentary on DeLillo in the field of literary criticism. The paper concludes by stating that reference corpora used inductively (Louw, William Ernest. 2017. Uneasy humour as discovery: Collocation and empathy as Whewellian consilience. Studying Humour: International Journal 4) may shed light on the speaker’s attitude to the truthfulness of their own statement.

中文翻译：

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命题的真实性是否可以通过引用参考语料库进行验证？

本文根据命题真实性的现有哲学和语言学里程碑，回顾了Louw（1993年及其后的出版物）对参考语料库的部署。Louw（William Ernest。1993。文本中的讽刺意味还是作家的含蓄讽刺？语义韵律的诊断潜力。在Mona Baker，Gill Francis和Elena Tognini-Bonelli（eds。），文本和技术：为了纪念John Sinclair， 152–176。阿姆斯特丹：约翰·本杰明斯（John Benjamins）求助于参考语料库，以阐释修辞手法（在Louw 1993中，具有讽刺意味）或试图揭示说话者对自己主张的真实态度（包括实例）的不诚实）。使用两种方法（共选和通配符），还在上下文中，根据参考语料库中的那些并置模式来检查作者的并置模式。语法字符串的常用词汇变量用来表示该字符串的语料库衍生的子文本。最近，Louw的语境韵律理论（CPT）揭示了预期机制，据此，一首诗的语法模式通过其最常见的词法搭配该诗其余部分的主题（Louw，Bill＆Milojkovic，Marija 2016.语料库文体学作为语境韵律理论和潜台词，176–183。阿姆斯特丹：约翰·本杰明斯）。Louw的CPT的哲学背景是Frege，Russell和Wittgenstein的作品（Louw，WilliamErnest。2010a。并置为意义的工具：一个科学事实。在Willie van Peer，Vander Viana和Sonia Zyngier（编辑）中，文学教育和数字学习：人文研究的方法和技术，79-101。宾夕法尼亚州赫尔希：IGI Global及其后续作品），可以说需要进一步的解释和说明。本文从弗雷格（Frege）的辛恩（Sinn / Bedeutung）区别，罗素的逻辑语言以及维特根斯坦（Wittgenstein）对语言与现实之间的关系的观点出发，讨论了Louw（1993）作为说话者对自己陈述的真实性的态度。由于探矿权可能被认为是Louw方法有效性的客观证明，因此布罗德斯基（Brodsky）的一首诗中的探矿权实例表明，维特根斯坦（Wittgenstein）对主张真实性的关注既可以被视为Louw观点的保证人，也可以被视为受益者。此外，本文介绍了小说《唐·德利洛（Don DeLillo）的《白噪声》》（White Noise）第一行中的探矿实例。但是，本文研究的其他语法模式没有偏离语料规范，这与文学批评领域对德利洛的现有评论相吻合。文章最后指出，引用语料库被归纳使用（Louw，WilliamErnest。2017年。不安幽默被发现：搭配感和同情心作为Whewellian的顺应力。《学习幽默：国际日报》第4期）可以阐明演讲者对自己真实性的态度。陈述。这符合文学批评领域对德利洛的现有评论。文章最后指出，引用语料库被归纳使用（Louw，WilliamErnest。2017年。不安幽默被发现：搭配和同理心作为Whewellian的顺应力。《学习幽默：国际日报》第4期）可能阐明了演讲者对自己真实性的态度陈述。这符合文学批评领域对德利洛的现有评论。文章最后指出，引用语料库被归纳使用（Louw，WilliamErnest。2017。不愉快的幽默被发现：搭配感和同情心作为Whewellian的顺应力。《学习幽默：国际期刊》 4）可以阐明演讲者对自己真实性的态度。陈述。