Abstract:

This essay recovers a lost debate about the political aspirations of the Commune. Recent scholarship has rightly emphasized that the common theme of Communard initiatives was association. However, Communards were torn between competing interpretations of association. According to the predominant sense, indebted to Proudhon, associations were expressions of worker autonomy. They were voluntary but morally obligatory contracts for mutual benefit. Opposed to this conception was another, according to which associations were necessary defensive formations, meant to resist economic and political domination. The most articulate advocate of this defensive conception was Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray (1838–1901), and this essay focuses on reconstructing his theory of association during and after the Commune. According to Lissagaray, association is not voluntary, but a practical necessity, a barricade against the overwhelming power of capital and the state. The tension between these divergent understandings of association is essential to the history and legacy of the Commune.

摘要：

这篇文章使人们对公社的政治愿望失去了辩论。最近的奖学金正确地强调了Communard倡议的共同主题是协会。但是，公社在相互关联的竞争解释之间被撕裂了。从主要意义上讲，应归功于蒲鲁东，结社是工人自治的表达。它们是出于互利的自愿但在道德上具有强制性的合同。与这一构想相反的是另一种构想，根据这种构想，结社是抵抗经济和政治统治的必要防御形式。对此防御概念最明确的主张是Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray（1838–1901），本文着重于在公社期间和之后重建他的联想理论。利萨加里认为，结社不是自愿的，而是现实的必要，是对资本和国家压倒一切的势力的屏障。