Abstract:

Like many nineteenth-century American writers, Julia Ward Howe found that the expanding culture of transatlantic travel offered her the liberty to explore, study, and work. In this article, the author examines Howe’s novel, The Hermaphrodite, which is set in England, Germany, and Rome, in conjunction with her chapter on Rome in her travel book From the Oak to the Olive. Reading these texts through the lens of cultural geography and transatlantic studies, the author suggests that our understanding of The Hermaphrodite should be broadened to see the novel as a type of travel narrative in which the intersex protagonist Laurence journeys across a picturesque Europe, identifying at times as male, female, and nonbinary within different spaces. In both The Hermaphrodite and From Oak to Olive, Howe seeks to write literary narratives of the transatlantic world, and though one is fiction and one is autobiographical, they are both imaginative constructions of the relationships between space, gender, and national identity.

摘要：

像许多19世纪的美国作家一样，茱莉亚·沃德·豪（Julia Ward Howe）发现，跨大西洋旅行文化的发展为她提供了探索，学习和工作的自由。在本文中，作者研究了豪的小说《雌雄同体》，该小说在英国，德国和罗马出版，并结合其旅行书《从橡树到橄榄》中有关罗马的章节。通过文化地理学和跨大西洋研究的镜头阅读这些文本，作者建议应该扩大我们对雌雄同体的理解，将小说视为一种旅行叙事类型，其中性伴侣主角劳伦斯穿越风景如画的欧洲，有时会发现在不同空间中是男性，女性和非二进制。同时Howe试图编写关于跨大西洋世界的文学叙事的《雌雄同体》和《从橡树到橄榄》，尽管其中一种是小说，一种是自传，但它们都是空间，性别和民族认同之间关系的想象性构造。