Abstract:

This article analyzes Russian aspectual prefixes from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. First, a general schema is advanced that involves a trajector, a landmark, and a relation connecting the two. Second, it is argued that there are conditions on the trajector involving an observer and a domain of accessibility and that the trajector of the prefix is not necessarily the same as the trajector of the verb. Third, landmarks are shown to come in four types, involving the image schemas POINT, LINE, PLANE, and CONTAINER. Fourth, the PATH image schema is demonstrated to represent the prototypical relation between trajector and landmark, although the prefix po- represents an important exception to the generalization that prefixes encode a PATH. Fifth, it is shown that motion verbs provide strong empirical evidence for po- as a pathless prefix. Finally, it is proposed that the aspectual meaning of prefixes is the result of metaphorical extension of their basic spatial senses. Taken together, the article presents a small inventory of conceptual building blocks and advances the hypothesis that these building blocks are sufficient to describe all the meanings of the aspectual prefixes in Russian.

摘要：

本文从认知语言学的角度分析了俄语方面的前缀。首先，提出了一个通用方案，该方案涉及一个轨迹器，一个地标以及将两者连接的关系。其次，有人认为在轨迹器上存在涉及观察者的条件和可访问性域，并且前缀的轨迹器不一定与动词的轨迹器相同。第三，地标显示为四种类型，涉及图像模式POINT，LINE，PLANE和CONTAINER。第四，PATH图像模式被证明代表轨迹和地标之间的原型关系，尽管前缀po-表示前缀对PATH进行编码的概括的重要例外。第五，它表明运动动词，用于提供强大的经验证据PO -作为一个无路前缀。最后，提出前缀的方面意义是其基本空间意义的隐喻扩展的结果。综上所述，本文仅提供了少量概念构建块的清单，并提出了以下假设：这些构建块足以描述俄语中方面前缀的所有含义。