Reviewed by:

• Memories that Lie a Little: Jewish Experiences During the Argentine Dictatorship by Emmanuel Nicolás Kahan
• Annette H. Levine (bio)

When considering the experiences of Jews in Argentina during the 1976–83 military dictatorship, several key questions arise: Was the military regime antisemitic? Were Jews specifically targeted for detention and disappearance? Did Jewish community institutional leadership do enough to protect and advocate for detained and disappeared individuals of Jewish origin? Much of the literature, testimony, and historiography on the topic has condemned community leadership, questioned efforts by international Jewish organizations, and heralded the resistance efforts of a few community activists. While inconvenient to question the narratives that have thus far been constructed, Emmanuel Nicolás Kahan carefully assesses these claims, reviewing how they came about and providing documentary evidence suggesting that the reader consider suspending preconceived beliefs.

Memories that Lie a Little, translated from Spanish by David William Foster, is organized into three parts: 1) conduct and attitudes of various key players in the Argentine Jewish community institutions in the years prior to the military coup of March 24, 1976; 2) social attitudes and the development of Argentine Jewish institutional life during the period of the dictatorship of 1976–83; 3) constructs of memories pertaining to the behaviors of the most representative actors within the Jewish community during the dictatorial period. Throughout the book, Kahan offers a multifaceted perspective that broadens the reader's awareness and understanding. [End Page 464]

Kahan's book is carefully and exhaustively researched, providing a nuanced account of driving questions surrounding the Jewish experience during the Argentine dictatorship. He guides the reader through documentary evidence that allows for consideration of diverse perspectives regarding the actions of key figures in Jewish leadership—namely the president of the Delegation of Israelite Associations of Argentina (DAIA), Nehemías Resnizky—when faced with manifestations of public and clandestine acts of antisemitism. Kahan elucidates the leadership's success in quashing the proliferation of antisemitic publications and thwarting the National Ministry of Education's attempt to roll out religious-based educational reform that was perceived to be discriminatory. Nevertheless, institutions such as DAIA were perceived to be passive in the case of the detention of journalist Jacobo Timerman and indifferent to pleas from family members of the detained/disappeared when they appealed to DAIA for advocacy on behalf of their children.

Kahan similarly considers the role of Herman Schiller and his impact as journalist and editor-in-chief of the Jewish weekly Nueva Presencia, one of the few examples of media that dared criticize the regime regarding its human rights violations. Based on a comprehensive indexing of all of the issues dating from its conception in 1977 to the inauguration of Raúl Alfonsín as president on December 10, 1983, Kahan skillfully reconstructs the reader's understanding of the perceived heroism of the periodical and situates the weekly newspaper's acts of resistance historically.

The publication of Kahan's book is timely. He is able to trace a historical arc that encompasses forty years of data and documentation surrounding Jewish leadership and Jewish media outlets during the dictatorial period. He exposes the efforts to document DAIA's conduct in the mid-1990s, when debates surrounding Argentina's recent dictatorial past could be revived, and reveals the suppression of information gathered in a newer report on the subject. Nevertheless, Kahan is careful not to follow the already beaten path of condemning Resnizky and the DAIA's role during the dictatorship. Rather, he analyzes the available documentation and considers the tensions of the period within a national and international sociopolitical context. On a local level, he reveals the ways in which the Argentine Jewish community could be perceived as "flourishing" in the midst of the dictatorship. He sheds light on how the repressive forces within Argentina allowed, perhaps inadvertently, Jewish communal social and cultural spaces to transform into havens not otherwise available within Argentine national institutions.

Kahan addresses the presence of antisemitism in Argentina where Jews were considered to have displayed "ambiguous conduct" regarding their [End Page 465] loyalty...

审核人：

• 撒谎的回忆：阿根廷独裁统治期间的犹太经历（作者：伊曼纽尔·尼古拉斯·卡汉）
• 安妮特·莱文（生物）

考虑到犹太人在1976-83年军事独裁时期在阿根廷的经历，出现了几个关键问题：军事政权是否是反犹太的？犹太人是否专门针对拘留和失踪？犹太社区的机构领导是否做了足够的工作来保护和倡导被拘留和失踪的犹太人？关于该主题的许多文献，证词和史学都谴责了社区领导，质疑国际犹太组织的努力，并预示了一些社区活动家的反抗努力。尽管不方便质疑到目前为止已构建的叙述，但伊曼纽尔·尼古拉斯·卡汉（EmmanuelNicolásKahan）仔细评估了这些说法，

大卫·威廉·福斯特（David William Foster）由西班牙语翻译的《撒谎的回忆》分为三个部分：1）1976年3月24日军事政变之前的岁月，阿根廷犹太社区机构各主要参与者的举止和态度；2）1976-83年专政时期的社会态度和阿根廷犹太机构生活的发展；3）与独裁时期犹太社区内最具代表性的演员的行为有关的记忆结构。在整本书中，Kahan提供了一个多角度的观点，从而扩大了读者的认识和理解。[结束页464]

卡汉（Kahan）的书经过仔细而详尽的研究，提供了关于阿根廷独裁时期围绕犹太经验的驾驶问题的细微差别。他通过文献证据为读者提供指导，这些文献证据考虑到面对公开和秘密的表现时，可以考虑到有关犹太领导人关键人物（即阿根廷以色列协会（DAIA）代表团团长NehemíasResnizky）的行为的不同观点。反犹太主义行为。卡汉（Kahan）阐明了领导层在遏制反犹太刊物的泛滥以及挫败国家教育部（National Ministry of Education）推行基于宗教的教育改革的尝试中的成功，这种宗教改革被认为具有歧视性。尽管如此，

卡汉（Kahan）同样考虑了赫尔曼·席勒（Herman Schiller）的角色，以及他作为犹太周刊《新总统》（Nueva Presencia）的新闻主编的影响力，这是少数敢于批评该政权侵犯人权的媒体实例之一。根据从1977年构思到劳尔·阿方森（RaúlAlfonsín）于1983年12月10日就任总统就职之前的所有问题的全面索引，卡恩巧妙地重新构造了读者对期刊被视为英雄主义的理解，并将每周报纸的行为置于历史上的抵抗。

卡汉著作的出版​​是及时的。在独裁时期，他能够找到一个历史弧线，其中包含围绕犹太领导人和犹太媒体的四十年的数据和文档。他公开了记录DAIA在1990年代中期的行为的努力，当时有关阿根廷最近独裁统治的辩论可以恢复，并揭示了对有关该主题的最新报告中所收集信息的压制。尽管如此，卡汉还是小心翼翼，不要遵循谴责Resnizky和DAIA在独裁统治中的角色的老路。相反，他分析了现有的文件并考虑了该时期在国家和国际社会政治背景下的紧张局势。在地方一级，他揭示了在独裁统治下阿根廷犹太社区被视为“蓬勃发展”的方式。他阐明了阿根廷境内的镇压力量如何（可能在无意间）使犹太社区的社会和文化空间变成了阿根廷国家机构无法提供的避风港。

卡汉（Kahan）谈到了阿根廷的反犹太主义现象，那里的犹太人被认为对[结束第465页]忠诚表现出“模棱两可的行为” ...