The paper focuses on the religious, social, and historical aspects of the ancient Jewish prohibition against treating non-Jews. It discusses the attitude of rabbinic authorities towards providing medical service to Muslims in medieval and pre-modern times. It points out that circumstances did not enable the public to fulfill these instructions to the letter, and therefore many halakhic authorities in the post-Talmudic period dispensed with the prohibition almost completely. The question of treating Muslims was discussed by halakhic authorities in both Christian and Muslim countries. Stricter views were voiced concerning the treatment of Christians, but the dispensation to treat Muslims and deliver their babies was more pronounced. Halakhic authorities claimed that the original prohibition regarded idolaters, while Muslims do not engage in idolatry. Another major claim supporting the concession was a concern for animosity and harassment within the non-Jewish environment.

本文着眼于古代犹太禁止对待非犹太人的禁令的宗教，社会和历史方面。它讨论了拉比当局在中世纪和近现代时期对向穆斯林提供医疗服务的态度。它指出，在这种情况下，公众无法履行信中的这些指示，因此，在后塔木德时期，许多伊斯兰教当局几乎完全废除了该禁令。基督教和穆斯林国家的哈拉希族当局都讨论了如何对待穆斯林的问题。人们对基督徒的待遇提出了更严格的意见，但对穆斯林的对待和婴儿的分配更为明确。Halakhic当局声称，最初的禁令是偶像崇拜者，而穆斯林没有从事偶像崇拜。