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La première révolution politique occidentale ? (Odyssée IX-XII)
Polis Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340276
Giles Courtieu 1
Affiliation  

Homeric politics have interested scholars for a long time, but their attention has mostly focused on number of major political scenarios: the public assemblies and councils present in the Achaean camp, the agora of Ithaca, or the Trojan court. Yet nothing really decisive ever happens there, except the spread of confusion, despair, pride, and, in the end, either the lack of solution to the political issues variously raised in each case or the reinforcement of the established political order. Very likely the authors intended to express in this way their conservative ideas – and to echo those not-less conservative of their audiences – on who is apt to rule a community whatever its kind. However, this paper contends that, in order not to obliterate any possible political situation, they allowed some room for the portrayal of a special, if to their eyes undesirable, phenomenon that they therefore depicted in evil terms: the very possibility of a revolution, of a complete shift of authority within a given social group. Such possibility is evoked in the famous adventures that Ulysses tells the Phaeacians about a commander-in-chief who, due to his own fault, gradually loses power and authority over his rather small crew and is consequently deposed and replaced by someone else: a new spokesman for the majority – a daring choice which entailed their misfortune.



中文翻译:

西方政治革命 (奥德赛IX-XII)

荷马政治在很长一段时间以来一直引起学者的兴趣,但是他们的注意力主要集中在一些主要的政治场景上:在Achaean营地,伊萨卡州集市或特洛伊法院中出现的公众集会和议会。然而,除了混乱,绝望,自尊心的蔓延,以及最终对每种情况下提出的各种政治问题缺乏解决办法或建立的政治秩序得到加强之外,那里没有发生任何真正具有决定性的决定。作者很可能希望以此方式表达自己的保守思想,并回应听众中同样保守的思想,即谁愿意统治一个社区,无论其种类如何。但是,本文认为,为了不消除任何可能的政治局面,他们为描述特殊情况留出了一定的空间,如果在他们看来不受欢迎,那么就会用邪恶的眼光描写这种现象:革命的可能性,给定社会群体内权力的完全转移。尤利西斯在著名的冒险中告诉费城人一个总司令,这种可能性是有可能的。总司令由于自身的过失而逐渐失去了对相当小的船员的权力和权威,因此被其他人取代和取而代之:多数人的代言人–一个大胆的选择,带来了他们的不幸。

更新日期:2020-05-11
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