The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (Da’esh) has put in place a governance system encompassing judicial structures to justify its grotesque violence. This paper seeks to evaluate the legitimacy of these courts under two complementary perspectives. Whereas establishing courts by an insurgent group during armed conflict should meet the requirements of international humanitarian law (ihl), because Da’esh claims to ground its laws on Islam, these courts should also follow the requirements of Islam as its constituting law. The paper starts with analysing whether international law entitles armed groups to establish their courts. It argues that although such courts are not prohibited at first glance under international law, they should meet the requirements of being regularly constituted while respecting minimum judicial guarantees. Since Da’esh has sought to found its legitimacy on Islam, the paper argues that Da’esh’s interpretation of Islam is not compatible with any major schools of Islamic thought.

伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国（Da'esh）建立了包括司法机构在内的治理体系，以为其怪诞的暴力行为辩护。本文力图从两个互补的角度评估这些法院的合法性。而由武装冲突期间的反叛组织建立法院应该符合国际人道主义法的要求（国际人道法），因为Da'esh声称其法律以伊斯兰为基础，因此这些法院也应遵循伊斯兰的要求，将其作为其组成法律。本文从分析国际法是否赋予武装团体建立法院的权利开始。它辩称，尽管乍一看国际法不禁止此类法院，但它们应满足在最低限度司法保障的情况下定期组建的要求。由于达伊什试图在伊斯兰教上找到合法性，因此该论文认为，达伊什对伊斯兰的解释与伊斯兰思想的任何主要流派都不相容。