The study of ethnicity in the ancient world has known a complete renewal in recent times, at several levels, from the themes studied to the perspectives of analysis and the models elaborated by archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians. Far from traditional approaches more interested in detecting and characterizing particular ethnic groups (“Libyans,” “Medjay”) and social organizations (“tribe,” “clan”, etc.), in identifying them in the archaeological record through specific markers (pottery, ornaments, weapons, etc.) and, subsequently, in studying their patterns of interaction with other social groups (domination, acculturation, assimilation, resistance, centre periphery), recent research follows different paths. To sum up, a deeper understanding of ethnicity in ancient Egypt cannot but benefit from a close dialogue with other disciplines and is to enrich current debates in archaeology, anthropology, and ancient history.

从研究的主题到分析的观点以及考古学家，人类学家，社会学家和历史学家所阐述的模型，古代世界的种族研究最近在几个层面上都得到了彻底的更新。对通过特定标记物（陶器）在考古记录中进行识别的传统方法远没有对检测和表征特定种族群体（“利比亚”，“梅杰”）和社会组织（“部落”，“氏族”等）更感兴趣。 ，装饰品，武器等），随后，在研究他们与其他社会群体的互动模式（统治，文化，同化，抵抗，中心外围）时，最近的研究走了不同的道路。综上所述，对古埃及民族的更深入了解不但得益于与其他学科的密切对话，而且还将丰富当前在考古学，人类学和古代历史上的辩论。