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The Christian Lark: Spenser’s Faerie Queene I. x.51 and Shakespeare’s Sonnet 29
Explorations in Renaissance Culture Pub Date : 2020-12-18 , DOI: 10.1163/23526963-46020005
Kathryn Walls 1
Affiliation  

The likening of the lark to the Christian worshipper as in Herbert’s “Easter Wings” was anticipated by both Spenser and Shakespeare in references that have been overlooked to date. These stand in a tradition most richly represented by the early fourteenth- century French allegorist Guillaume de Deguileville, in his Pèlerinage de l’Ame, in which the pilgrim soul, guided towards the gate of Heaven by his guardian angel, finds himself surrounded by larks whose cruciform shapes in flying match their singing of the name “Jhesu.” Having fallen for the second time when fighting the dragon, Spenser’s Red Cross Knight rises on the third morning to find himself victorious. In his rising he is compared with the lark at dawn. The Edenic setting (which underlines the theme of the redemption of “fallen” man by the risen Christ) is also illuminated by Deguileville’s Ame; Spenser’s two trees are reminiscent of the “green and the dry” in the French allegory, according to which Christ appears as the apple pinned to the dry tree in reparation for the apple stolen by Adam. When one examines Shakespeare’s reference to the lark in Sonnet 29 in the light of the tradition represented by Deguileville (whose work not only Spenser but also Shakespeare might have read in English translation) the question arises as to whether the beloved addressed in line 10 (“thee”) could be Christ, and the speaker a Christian worshipper moving from self reproach to Christian gratitude. Such an interpretation is challenged by the standard assumption that the sonnets reflect a narrative produced by a love triangle. But from Petrarch’s Canzoniere on, sequences of love sonnets had contained poems of religious adoration.



中文翻译:

基督教百灵鸟:斯宾塞的《仙女女王》 x.51和莎士比亚的十四行诗29

Spenser和莎士比亚都预料到百灵鸟会像赫伯特的《复活节之翼》中的基督徒崇拜者一样,在迄今为止被忽视的参考文献中都曾预料到过。这些代表着十四世纪早期法国寓言家纪尧姆·德·德吉勒维尔(Guillaume de Deguileville)在他的阿勒河畔佩勒林纳格(Pèlerinagede l'Ame)所代表的最丰富的传统朝圣者的灵魂在其守护天使的带领下朝天堂之门走去,发现自己被百灵鸟包围其飞行中的十字形形状与他们的名字“ Jhesu”的歌唱相吻合。斯潘塞的红十字会骑士在与龙的战斗中第二次摔倒后,在第三天早晨起来,取得了胜利。在他的崛起中,他与黎明时的百灵鸟相提并论。伊甸(Edenic)的环境(这强调了“堕落”的人被救赎的主题复活的基督)也被Deguileville的Ame照亮了Spenser的两棵树让人联想起法国寓言中的“绿色与干燥”,根据基督的说法,基督是将苹果钉在干燥的树上,以赔偿亚当偷来的苹果。当人们根据Deguileville所代表的传统(不仅是Spenser而且莎士比亚的著作可能已经读过英文译本)审查莎士比亚对十四行诗中百灵鸟的提法时,就会出现一个问题,即第10行提到的心爱的人(“你”)可能是基督,而讲者则是一个基督徒崇拜者,从自我责备转向基督徒感激之情。这样的解释受到十四行诗反映三角恋产生的叙述的标准假设的挑战。但是从Petrarch的Canzoniere上的爱情十四行诗序列包含宗教崇拜的诗歌。

更新日期:2020-12-18
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