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Continuous Time and Instantaneous Speed in the Works of William Heytesbury and Richard Swineshead
Early Science and Medicine ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1163/15733823-00253p01
Robert Podkoński 1
Affiliation  

The term ‘instantaneous speed’ that appears explicitly in the works of famous Oxford fourteenth-century natural philosophers, William Heytesbury and Richard Swineshead (nicknamed The Calculator), seems odd in the context of the then accepted Aristotelian worldview for at least two reasons. First, Aristotle himself stated unambiguously that no motion can occur in an instant. Second, after fourteenth-century atomism was rejected, the majority of thinkers denied the existence of instants, understood as indivisibles. Nevertheless, both Oxford philosophers describe instantaneous speed, also in the context of the mean-speed theorem, in a way that allowed them to preserve the continuity of time. This description may seem similar to the one formulated by Newtonians in the seventeenth century, but is so only superficially, however, as their backgrounds and contexts were different.



中文翻译:

威廉·海特斯伯里(William Heytesbury)和理查德·斯威尼斯黑德(Richard Swineshead)作品中的连续时间和瞬时速度

在十四世纪著名的牛津自然哲学家威廉·海特斯伯里(William Heytesbury)和理查德·斯威尼斯黑德(Richard Swineshead)(绰号为“计算器”)中明确出现的“瞬时速度”一词,在当时被接受的亚里士多德世界观的背景下似乎很奇怪,至少有两个原因。首先,亚里斯多德本人明确表示,瞬间不会发生任何运动。其次,在拒绝了十四世纪的原子论之后,大多数思想家都否认了瞬间的存在,这些瞬间被理解为不可分割的。尽管如此,两位牛津哲学家都在均速定理的背景下描述了瞬时速度,从而使他们能够保持时间的连续性。这种描述似乎与牛顿主义者在17世纪提出的描述类似,但是只是表面上的描述,

更新日期:2020-09-24
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