With development dating from the 1800s, the Devonian Berea Sandstone has a long history of oil and gas development in the Appalachian Basin. A new phase of development began in northeastern Kentucky in 2011 with production of high-gravity oil from horizontal wells at depths less than 2200 ft (<671 m). Oil production in areas previously unproductive or primarily gas productive was unexpected because thermal-maturity measures, such as vitrinite reflectance, suggested source rocks should be immature. Moreover, downdip the Berea Sandstone appeared to produce primarily gas within the oil window.Organic petrography and geochemical analyses were conducted on source rocks overlying (Sunbury Shale) and underlying (Ohio Shale) the Berea Sandstone and produced oil and gas from the Berea Sandstone and Ohio Shale. Samples were collected from southernmost Ohio to southeastern Kentucky along a northwest-to-southeast transect representing increased burial depth. Geochemistry results suggest the Sunbury or Ohio Shales could be sources of oil reservoired in the Berea Sandstone. Migration is necessary to account for oil in the updip parts of the play. Vitrinite reflectance measurements suggest, however, the area mature for oil is larger compared to previous assessments. Consequently, less migration is needed to account for the distribution of oil production. Gas chemistry reflects the thermal-maturity effect of regional dip with additional influence from local structures. Stratigraphic analysis of the Berea Sandstone in core and outcrop shows it to be primarily a siltstone with lateral facies changes, different bedding types, and diagenesis producing a complex reservoir.

中文翻译：

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Berea Sandstone：肯塔基州东部和俄亥俄州成熟油气田的新发展

泥盆纪Berea砂岩的开发可追溯到1800年代，在阿巴拉契亚盆地有悠久的油气开发历史。2011年，肯塔基州东北部开始了新的开发阶段，利用水平井深度小于2200英尺（<671 m）生产高重力油。在以前非生产性或主要为天然气生产性地区的石油生产是出乎意料的，因为热成熟度测量方法（如镜质体反射率）表明烃源岩应该不成熟。此外，下沉的Berea砂岩似乎主要在油窗内产生天然气。对Berea砂岩上覆（Sunbury页岩）和下层（Ohio页岩）的烃源岩进行了有机岩相和地球化学分析，并从Berea砂岩和俄亥俄页岩。沿西北到东南的样条采集了从最南端的俄亥俄州到肯塔基州东南部的样品，这些样品代表了更深的埋葬深度。地球化学结果表明，Sunbury或俄亥俄页岩可能是Berea砂岩中储油的来源。迁移是必要的，以解决该游乐区的下倾部分中的油。玻璃陶瓷反射率的测量表明，与以前的评估相比，油的成熟面积更大。因此，需要较少的迁移来解释石油产量的分布。气体化学反应反映了区域倾角的热成熟度效应以及局部结构的额外影响。岩心和露头的Berea砂岩的地层分析表明，它主要是粉砂岩，具有侧相变化，层理类型不同，