Due to negative effects of conventional fluorinated surfactants with long perfluorocarbon chain (CxF2x+ 1, x≥7) like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), these conventional long perfluorocarbon chain surfactants have been restricted in many industrial applications. Nowadays, their potential non-bioaccumulable alternatives have been developed to meet the requirements of environmental sustainable development. In this paper, the recent advances of potential non-bioaccumulable fluorinated surfactants with different fluorocarbon chain structures, including the short perfluorocarbon chain, the branched fluorocarbon chain, and the fluorocarbon chain with weak points, are reviewed from the aspects of synthesis processes, properties, and structure-activity relationships. And their applications in emulsion polymerization of fluorinated olefins, handling membrane proteins, and leather manufacture also are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges embedded in the current non-bioaccumulable fluorinated surfactants are also highlighted and discussed with the hope to provide a valuable reference for the prosperous development of fluorinated surfactants.

中文翻译：

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非生物累积性氟化表面活性剂的合成与应用

由于具有全氟碳长链（CxF2x + 1，x≥7）的常规氟化表面活性剂的负面影响，例如全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS），这些常规的全氟碳长链表面活性剂已在许多工业应用中受到限制。如今，已开发出其潜在的非生物累积性替代品，以满足环境可持续发展的要求。本文从合成过程，性能，和结构-活动关系。并总结了它们在氟化烯烃乳液聚合，处理膜蛋白和皮革制造中的应用。此外，还强调和讨论了当前不可生物积聚的氟化表面活性剂中所包含的挑战，希望为氟化表面活性剂的繁荣发展提供有价值的参考。