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Revisiting the Complexity of GLP-1 Action from Sites of Synthesis to Receptor Activation
Endocrine Reviews ( IF 20.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 , DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa032
Brent A McLean 1 , Chi Kin Wong 1 , Jonathan E Campbell 2 , David J Hodson 3 , Stefan Trapp 4 , Daniel J Drucker 1
Affiliation  

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced in gut endocrine cells and in the brain, and acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and gut motility, supporting development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Classic notions of GLP-1 acting as a meal-stimulated hormone from the distal gut are challenged by data supporting production of GLP-1 in the endocrine pancreas, and by the importance of brain-derived GLP-1 in the control of neural activity. Moreover, attribution of direct vs indirect actions of GLP-1 is difficult, as many tissue and cellular targets of GLP-1 action do not exhibit robust or detectable GLP-1R expression. Furthermore, reliable detection of the GLP-1R is technically challenging, highly method dependent, and subject to misinterpretation. Here we revisit the actions of GLP-1, scrutinizing key concepts supporting gut vs extra-intestinal GLP-1 synthesis and secretion. We discuss new insights refining cellular localization of GLP-1R expression and integrate recent data to refine our understanding of how and where GLP-1 acts to control inflammation, cardiovascular function, islet hormone secretion, gastric emptying, appetite, and body weight. These findings update our knowledge of cell types and mechanisms linking endogenous vs pharmacological GLP-1 action to activation of the canonical GLP-1R, and the control of metabolic activity in multiple organs.


中文翻译:

重新审视从合成位点到受体激活的 GLP-1 作用的复杂性

摘要
胰高血糖素样肽 1 (GLP-1) 在肠道内分泌细胞和大脑中产生,通过激素和神经通路发挥作用,调节胰岛功能、饱腹感和肠道运动,支持 GLP-1 受体 (GLP- 1R) 用于治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的激动剂。GLP-1 作为来自远端肠道的膳食刺激激素的经典概念受到支持内分泌胰腺产生 GLP-1 的数据以及脑源性 GLP-1 在控制神经活动中的重要性的挑战。此外,GLP-1 的直接与间接作用的归属是困难的,因为 GLP-1 作用的许多组织和细胞靶标没有表现出稳健或可检测的 GLP-1R 表达。此外,GLP-1R 的可靠检测在技术上具有挑战性,高度依赖于方法,并且容易被误解。在这里,我们重新审视 GLP-1 的作用,仔细检查支持肠道与肠外 GLP-1 合成和分泌的关键概念。我们讨论了改进 GLP-1R 表达的细胞定位的新见解,并整合了最近的数据,以完善我们对 GLP-1 如何以及在何处发挥作用以控制炎症、心血管功能、胰岛激素分泌、胃排空、食欲和体重的理解。这些发现更新了我们对将内源性与药理学 GLP-1 作用与经典 GLP-1R 激活以及多个器官中代谢活性控制联系起来的细胞类型和机制的认识。我们讨论了改进 GLP-1R 表达的细胞定位的新见解,并整合了最近的数据,以完善我们对 GLP-1 如何以及在何处发挥作用以控制炎症、心血管功能、胰岛激素分泌、胃排空、食欲和体重的理解。这些发现更新了我们对将内源性与药理学 GLP-1 作用与经典 GLP-1R 激活以及多个器官中代谢活性控制联系起来的细胞类型和机制的认识。我们讨论了改进 GLP-1R 表达的细胞定位的新见解,并整合了最近的数据,以完善我们对 GLP-1 如何以及在何处发挥作用以控制炎症、心血管功能、胰岛激素分泌、胃排空、食欲和体重的理解。这些发现更新了我们对将内源性与药理学 GLP-1 作用与经典 GLP-1R 激活以及多个器官中代谢活性控制联系起来的细胞类型和机制的认识。
更新日期:2020-12-15
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