Background/Aims: Progress in the development of DSM/ICD taxonomies has revealed limitations of both label-based and dimensionality approaches. These approaches fail to address the contingent, nonlinear, context-dependent, and transient nature of those biomarkers linked to specific symptoms of psychopathology or to specific biobehavioural traits of healthy people (temperament). The present review aims to highlight the benefits of a functional constructivism approach in the analysis of neurochemical biomarkers underlying temperament and psychopathology. Method: A review was performed. Results: Eight systems are identified, and 7 neurochemical ensembles are described in detail. None of these systems is represented by a single neurotransmitter; all of them work in ensembles with each other. The functionality and relationships of these systems are presented here in association with their roles in action construction, with brief examples of psychopathology. The review introduces formal symbols for these systems to facilitate their more compact analysis in the future. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates the possibility of constructivism-based unifying taxonomies of temperament (in the framework of the neurochemical model functional ensemble of temperament) and classifications of psychiatric disorders. Such taxonomies would present the biobehavioural individual differences as consistent behavioural patterns generated within a formally structured space of parameters related to the generation of behaviour.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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规范和病理学中神经化学集合的偶然调子：我们能看到模式吗？

背景/目标： DSM/ICD 分类法的发展进展揭示了基于标签和维度方法的局限性。这些方法未能解决与特定精神病理学症状或健康人的特定生物行为特征（气质）相关的生物标志物的偶然、非线性、上下文相关和瞬态性质。本综述旨在强调功能建构主义方法在分析气质和精神病理学的神经化学生物标志物方面的好处。方法：进行了审查。结果：确定了八个系统，并详细描述了 7 个神经化学集合。这些系统都不是由单一的神经递质代表的。他们所有人都在合奏中工作。这些系统的功能和关系与它们在动作构建中的作用相关联，并提供了精神病理学的简短示例。该评论为这些系统引入了正式的符号，以方便他们在未来进行更紧凑的分析。结论：该分析证明了基于建构主义的气质统一分类法（在气质的神经化学模型功能集合的框架内）和精神疾病分类的可能性。这种分类法将生物行为个体差异呈现为在与行为产生相关的正式结构化参数空间内产生的一致行为模式。
神经心理生物学