This paper, written in honor of Professor Ed Zigler, focuses on some of the themes in developmental disabilities research that were so central to his work. It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner first identified the prototypic form – early infantile autism – of what is now autism spectrum disorder. In this article we summarize the development of the concept and the important accumulation of knowledge over time that has now led us to the recognition of a broader autism phenotype just as, at the same time, the current official diagnostic system in the USA has narrowed the concept. We also address current controversies regarding autism as the diagnosis is impacted by age and developmental factors, gender, and cultural issues. In parallel to the work on intellectual deficiency and development pioneered by Zigler and his colleagues, we summarize some of the challenges for the years ahead.

中文翻译：

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看到森林和树木：在 DSM-5 时代解开自闭症表型

这篇论文是为了纪念 Ed Zigler 教授而写的，重点关注发育障碍研究中对他的工作至关重要的一些主题。自 Leo Kanner 首次确定现在是自闭症谱系障碍的原型形式——早期婴儿自闭症——至今已近 80 年。在这篇文章中，我们总结了这个概念的发展和随着时间的推移而积累的重要知识，这些知识使我们认识到了更广泛的自闭症表型，与此同时，美国目前的官方诊断系统缩小了自闭症的范围。概念。我们还解决了当前有关自闭症的争议，因为诊断受年龄和发育因素、性别和文化问题的影响。在齐格勒和他的同事开创的智力缺陷和发展工作的同时，