Over the past three decades, dye‐sensitized solar cells (i. e. Grätzel cells) have evolved from a pioneering concept of molecular photovoltaics to large‐scale industrial deployment. In this review article, we provide a historical overview of the developments with a focus on the scientific advancements that have set the stage for this technology to emerge and thrive. This involves insights into the (photo)electrochemistry of the underlying processes, molecular engineering of dyes, redox shuttles, and hole‐transporting materials, as well as their implementation into solar cells. We further outline applications and future perspectives, involving the long‐lasting objective to develop efficient solid‐state alternatives to conventional dye‐sensitized solar cells.

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染料敏化太阳能电池的兴起：从分子光伏技术到新兴的固态光伏技术

在过去的三十年中，染料敏化太阳能电池（即Grätzel电池）已从分子光伏的开创性概念发展为大规模的工业应用。在这篇评论文章中，我们提供了有关发展的历史概述，重点是为该技术的兴起和蓬勃发展奠定了基础的科学进步。这涉及到对基本过程的（光）电化学，染料，氧化还原穿梭和空穴传输材料的分子工程及其在太阳能电池中的实现的见解。我们进一步概述了应用程序和未来的前景，涉及为开发常规染料敏化太阳能电池的高效固态替代品的长期目标。