Increasing wheat yield and grain quality is crucial for achieving profitable production systems. Genotype has an important role in determining potential grain end-use quality, because it defines the protein subunits stored in the endosperm. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) availability modulate the expression of the genotype by determining variations in quantitative gluten composition. The aim of this work was to analyse the responses of grain quality to N and S fertilisation and relate them to the relative quantitative composition of different subunits of gliadins and glutenins in 24 Argentinean bread wheat cultivars differing in apparent S recovery (ASR), cycle length and protein pattern. Two field experiments were conducted in the Humid Pampas of Argentina. Gluten composition was analysed by electrophoresis and densitometry, and grain quality by N/S ratio, protein content, sedimentation test, and alveograms. Most genotypes presented high quality potential according to their pattern of high molecular weight glutenin subunits, although they differed in grain quality performance. Under an environment of low soil fertility (i.e. where the soil has a low capacity to supply N and S), N fertilisation reduced the sedimentation test values at low S level (67 vs 54 mm, on average) and increased this parameter at high S level (62 vs 81 mm, on average), with different responses among genotypes. Also, S fertilisation at high N level increased dough strength by 52% for long cycle genotypes and decreased it by 9% for those of short cycle. Genotypes with contrasting ASR, cycle length and protein pattern modified the responses of baking strength to S fertilisation in different ways (positive, neutral or negative), whereas genotype × N interaction modified the responses only in their magnitude. Outstanding genotypes (e.g. Klein Proteo) were identified according to baking quality stability. We conclude that S fertilisation had a notable effect on baking quality, especially in long cycle genotypes and a low soil-fertility environment, correcting S deficiency at high N availability. ASR was not a useful classificatory trait for predicting grain quality. Instead, the study of variants for the protein subunits coded by particular genes (e.g. Glu-A3, Glu-B3, Glu-D1x and Glu-D1y) that partially determine baking quality should be intensified, in order to optimise genetic improvement in wheat.

小麦单产和谷物质量的提高对于实现有利可图的生产系统至关重要。基因型在确定潜在的谷物最终使用质量中具有重要作用，因为它定义了储存在胚乳中的蛋白质亚基。氮（N）和硫（S）的可用性通过确定定量面筋成分的变化来调节基因型的表达。这项工作的目的是分析谷物质量对氮和硫施肥的响应，并将其与24种阿根廷小麦不同表观S回收率（ASR），周期长不同的麦醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的不同亚基的相对定量组成相关联。和蛋白质模式。在阿根廷的Humid Pampas进行了两次野外试验。通过电泳和光密度法分析面筋成分，N / S比，蛋白质含量，沉降测试和水泡图显示谷物的品质。尽管基因型不同，但大多数基因型根据其高分子量谷蛋白亚基的模式表现出高品质的潜力。在土壤肥力较低的环境下（即土壤提供氮和硫的能力较低），氮肥在低硫水平（平均67毫米对54毫米）下会降低沉降测试值，而在高硫水平下会增加该参数。水平（平均62毫米对81毫米），且基因型之间的反应不同。同样，对于长周期基因型，高氮水平的S施肥可使面团强度提高52％，对于短周期基因型则使面团强度降低9％。具有相反ASR的基因型，周期长度和蛋白质模式以不同的方式（正，中性或阴性）改变了烘烤强度对S施肥的响应，而基因型×N交互作用仅在幅度上改变了响应。根据烘烤质量的稳定性鉴定出杰出的基因型（例如Klein Proteo）。我们得出的结论是，施氮肥对烘烤质量有显着影响，尤其是在长周期基因型和低土壤肥力环境中，可以在高氮利用率下纠正硫缺乏症。ASR并不是预测谷物品质的有用分类特征。相反，研究特定基因编码的蛋白质亚基的变体（例如 根据烘烤质量的稳定性鉴定出Klein Proteo。我们得出的结论是，施氮肥对烘烤质量有显着影响，尤其是在长周期基因型和低土壤肥力环境中，可以在高氮利用率下纠正硫缺乏症。ASR并不是预测谷物品质的有用分类特征。相反，研究特定基因编码的蛋白质亚基的变体（例如 根据烘烤质量的稳定性鉴定出Klein Proteo。我们得出的结论是，施氮肥对烘烤质量有显着影响，尤其是在长周期基因型和低土壤肥力环境中，可以在高氮利用率下纠正硫缺乏症。ASR并不是预测谷物品质的有用分类特征。相反，研究特定基因编码的蛋白质亚基的变体（例如应加强部分确定烘烤质量的Glu - A3，Glu - B3，Glu - D1x和Glu - D1y），以优化小麦的遗传改良。