This paper presents changes in the ice regime of lakes located in the northern part of Poland. It has been established that in the period 1960–2019, there was a successive decline in the ice extent of lakes, clearly visible in individual parameters; formation of ice cover is delayed by 3.0 days/decade (on average for all lakes), its decline occurred earlier by 3.8 days/decade, and the length of ice cover is shorter by 6.8 days/decade. Moreover, the maximum thickness of the ice cover is becoming thinner, and this process has progressed at an average rate of 2.3 cm/decade. The aforementioned situation shows strong relations with air temperature. It was particularly evident in the late 1980s, when a change in the thermal regime took place, which was documented in most of the analysed parameters, as demonstrated in the study. It has been established that from that period up to now, the decline of ice cover tends to start 19 days earlier, the duration of ice cover is shorter by 22 days, and the ice cover is 8 cm thinner, on average. The observed transformation affects the imbalance of the existing equilibrium in lakes, which can be related to both biotic and abiotic processes.

中文翻译：

---

由于气候变暖，温带湖泊（中欧）的冰盖消失

本文介绍了位于波兰北部的湖泊冰情的变化。已经确定，在 1960 年至 2019 年期间，湖泊的冰范围连续下降，在个别参数中清晰可见；冰盖形成延迟3.0天/十年（所有湖泊平均），下降提前3.8天/十年，冰盖长度缩短6.8天/十年。而且，冰盖的最大厚度正在变薄，这个过程以平均 2.3 厘米/十年的速度进行。上述情况与气温密切相关。这在 1980 年代后期尤为明显，当时热状态发生了变化，这在大多数分析参数中都有记录，如研究所示。已经确定，从那个时期到现在，冰盖的下降趋势开始提前 19 天，冰盖持续时间缩短 22 天，冰盖平均薄 8 厘米。观察到的转变影响湖泊中现有平衡的不平衡，这可能与生物和非生物过程有关。