An intriguing aspect of the famous September 2, 1859 geomagnetic disturbance (or “Carrington” event) is the horizontal magnetic (B_H) data set measured in Colaba, India (magnetic latitude approximately 20°N). The field exhibits a sharp decrease of over 1,600 nT and a quick recovery of about 1,300 nT, all within a few hours during the daytime. The mechanism behind this has previously been attributed to magnetospheric processes, ionospheric processes or a combination of both. In this study, we outline our efforts to replicate this low‐latitude magnetic field using the Space Weather Modeling Framework. By simulating an extremely high pressure solar wind scenario, we can emulate the low‐latitude surface magnetic signal at Colaba. In our simulation, magnetospheric currents adjacent to the near‐Earth magnetopause and strong Region 1 field‐aligned currents are the main contributors to the large Colaba B_H. The rapid recovery of B_H in our simulated scenario is due to the retreat of these magnetospheric currents as the magnetosphere expands, as opposed to ring current dynamics. In addition, we find that the scenario that best emulated the surface magnetic field observations during the Carrington event had a minimum calculated Dst value between −431 and −1,191 nT, indicating that Dst may not be a suitable estimate of storm intensity for this kind of event.

中文翻译：

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使用地理空间模拟在卡灵顿事件期间在Colaba上重建水平磁场

1859年9月2日著名的地磁干扰（或“卡灵顿”事件）的一个有趣的方面是水平磁（B _H）在印度Colaba（磁纬度约为20°N）测量的数据集。白天在几小时之内，该场就急剧下降了超过1600 nT，并迅速恢复了约1300 nT。其背后的机制先前归因于磁层过程，电离层过程或两者的组合。在本研究中，我们概述了使用“空间天气建模框架”复制低纬度磁场的努力。通过模拟极高压力的太阳风情景，我们可以模拟Colaba的低纬度地面磁信号。在我们的模拟中，与近地磁层顶相邻的磁层电流和1区强磁场对准的电流是大Colaba B _H的主要贡献者。快速恢复在我们的模拟场景中，B _H是由于随着磁层的扩张，这些磁层电流的退缩，而不是环电流的动态变化。此外，我们发现最能模拟卡灵顿事件期间表面磁场观测结果的场景在-431和-1,191 nT之间具有最小的计算出的Dst值，表明Dst可能不是这种类型风暴强度的合适估计。事件。