Low blood pressure drop is an important performance characteristic of a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator (HFMO). While the application of natural blood corresponds to complex handling procedures, the in vitro investigation of liquid pressure drop is mainly done using water or similar fluids (e.g., normal saline solution [NSS]). In this study, a comprehensive phenomenological model has been proposed to predict the liquid pressure drop through a cylindrical HFMO, considering viscous and inertial resistances in porous media, derived from literature. The results demonstrate that approaches based on Darcy–Weisbach phenomenological equation correlate the most with in vitro experimental investigations using NSS and native porcine blood, in both pediatric and adult commercially available cylindrical HFMOs. Remarkably, this study corroborates theoretically and experimentally that approaches based on Ergun semi-empirical equation fail to predict the liquid pressure drop in cylindrical HFMOs. Moreover, it is shown that the presented phenomenological model is also applicable to cylindrical hollow-fiber heat exchangers, and subsequently, its noticeable effect on total liquid pressure drop through cylindrical HFMOs is demonstrated. The results reveal that this component may contribute to almost half of total blood pressure drop, and therefore, it should be redesigned using other approaches than hollow fibers.

中文翻译：

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使用改进的现象学模型对通过圆柱形中空纤维膜氧合器的液相压降进行计算机模拟

低血压降是中空纤维膜式氧合器 (HFMO) 的一个重要性能特征。虽然天然血液的应用对应于复杂的处理程序，但液体压降的体外研究主要使用水或类似流体（例如，生理盐水 [NSS]）完成。在这项研究中，考虑到多孔介质中的粘性和惯性阻力，从文献中提出了一个综合的现象学模型来预测通过圆柱形 HFMO 的液体压降。结果表明，在儿科和成人市售圆柱形 HFMO 中，基于 Darcy-Weisbach 现象学方程的方法与使用 NSS 和天然猪血的体外实验研究最相关。值得注意的是，这项研究从理论上和实验上证实了基于 Ergun 半经验方程的方法无法预测圆柱形 HFMO 中的液体压降。此外，表明所提出的现象学模型也适用于圆柱形中空纤维换热器，随后证明了它对通过圆柱形 HFMO 的总液体压降的显着影响。结果表明，该组件几乎占总血压下降的一半，因此，应使用中空纤维以外的其他方法对其进行重新设计。结果表明，所提出的现象学模型也适用于圆柱形中空纤维换热器，随后证明了它对通过圆柱形 HFMO 的总液体压降的显着影响。结果表明，该组件几乎占总血压下降的一半，因此，应使用中空纤维以外的其他方法对其进行重新设计。结果表明，所提出的现象学模型也适用于圆柱形中空纤维换热器，随后证明了它对通过圆柱形 HFMO 的总液体压降的显着影响。结果表明，该组件几乎占总血压下降的一半，因此，应使用中空纤维以外的其他方法对其进行重新设计。