当前位置: X-MOL 学术Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Carrier-shipper risk management and coordination in the presence of spot freight market
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review ( IF 10.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2021.102287
Kelly Yujie Wang , Yuan Wen , Tsz Leung Yip , Zuojun Fan

The spot freight market in the liner shipping industry has developed significantly in recent years and interplays with the long-term contract between carriers and shippers. Under this background, this paper presents a Stackelberg games model by taking into account both the carrier’s long-term decision (on freight rate) as well as the shipper’s long-term decision (on shipment capacity procurement amount) and spot market supplementary procurement decision. The shipper is risk-averse facing market uncertainty. Three basic shipping structures are considered: procuring only from carrier with long-term contract, only from spot market, and from both of these channels. We show that dual channels play different roles for the shipper. Although the spot market is not favourable for the carrier, it increases both the shipper’s utility and the carrier-shipper’s overall performance. Risk-aversion reduces the shipment capacity procurement amount, which protects the shipper but jeopardizes the carrier’s and the carrier-shipper’s overall performance. Fluctuations of market demand and spot freight rate have different (sometimes even opposite) impacts on the carrier and the shipper. Correlation of market demand and spot freight rate brings more uncertainty for the shipper but grants more leverage for the carrier. Coordination initiated by the carrier improves the carrier-shipper’s overall performance substantially, but full coordination is not feasible owing to the shipper’s aversion to risk. Quantity-discount rather than two-part tariff contract works.



中文翻译:

存在现货货运市场的承运人-风险管理与协调

近年来,班轮运输业的现货货运市场有了长足发展,并与承运人和托运人之间的长期合同相互影响。在这种背景下,本文通过考虑承运人的长期决策(关于运费)以及托运人的长期决策(关于货运能力采购量)和现货市场补充采购决策,提出了Stackelberg博弈模型。托运人是规避市场不确定性的风险。考虑了三种基本的运输结构:仅从具有长期合同的承运商,仅从现货市场以及从这两个渠道进行采购。我们证明了双重渠道对托运人的作用不同。尽管现货市场不利于承运人,它提高了托运人的效用和承运人-托运人的整体绩效。风险规避减少了运输能力的采购量,既保护了托运人,又损害了承运人和承运人-托运人的整体绩效。市场需求和现货运费的波动对承运人和托运人有不同的影响(有时甚至相反)。市场需求和即期运费的相关性为托运人带来了更多的不确定性,但为承运人提供了更多的杠杆作用。承运人发起的协调可以大大改善承运人-托运人的整体绩效,但是由于托运人不愿承担风险,因此无法进行全面协调。数量折扣而不是两部分的电价合同工程。这会保护托运人,但会损害承运人和承运人-托运人的整体绩效。市场需求和现货运费的波动对承运人和托运人有不同的影响(有时甚至相反)。市场需求和即期运费的相关性为托运人带来了更多的不确定性,但为承运人提供了更多的杠杆作用。承运人发起的协调可以大大改善承运人-托运人的整体绩效,但是由于托运人不愿承担风险,因此无法进行全面协调。数量折扣而不是两部分的电价合同工程。这会保护托运人,但会损害承运人和承运人-托运人的整体绩效。市场需求和现货运费的波动对承运人和托运人有不同的影响(有时甚至相反)。市场需求和即期运费的相关性为托运人带来了更多的不确定性,但为承运人提供了更多的杠杆作用。承运人发起的协调可以大大改善承运人-托运人的整体绩效,但是由于托运人不愿承担风险,因此无法进行全面协调。数量折扣而不是两部分的电价合同工程。市场需求和即期运费的相关性为托运人带来了更多的不确定性,但为承运人提供了更多的杠杆作用。承运人发起的协调可以大大改善承运人-托运人的整体绩效,但是由于托运人不愿承担风险,因此无法进行全面协调。数量折扣而不是两部分的电价合同工程。市场需求和即期运费的相关性给托运人带来更多不确定性,但给承运人带来更大的杠杆作用。承运人发起的协调可以大大改善承运人-托运人的整体绩效,但是由于托运人不愿承担风险,因此无法进行全面协调。数量折扣而不是两部分的电价合同工程。

更新日期:2021-03-15
down
wechat
bug