Lampreys are jawless fishes (Cyclostomata) that are distributed antitropically around the world. Of the three extant lamprey clades (Petromyzontidae, Geotriidae, and Mordaciidae), Geotriidae and Mordaciidae are only found in the Southern Hemisphere. Geotriidae includes two anadromous species, G. australis and G. macrostoma, while Mordaciidae includes three species: Mordacia mordax (anadromous), M. lapicida (anadromous), and M. praecox (resident and non-feeding). Similar to several Northern Hemisphere species, Southern Hemisphere species are targeted by fisheries (G. australis), culturally significant (to Māori and Mapuche), key prey for many species (including endangered species), and regarded as crucial links for understanding the evolution of vertebrates. Prior to this work, key information on the Southern Hemisphere lampreys was dispersed throughout the literature, hindering attempts to synthesise critical information about these species. Here we provide detailed descriptions of the five Southern Hemisphere species to facilitate the identification efforts by technicians, managers, researchers, and other interested parties. We then review the taxonomy, distribution, biology, genetics, significance, and threats to these lampreys from over 100 years of written sources (e.g., peer-reviewed publications and agency reports), complemented by interviews and Indigenous knowledge, in order to synthesise and centralise key information. We conclude by identifying Western science knowledge gaps and offering suggestions for addressing them: this is critical as anthropogenic environmental changes are negatively affecting Southern Hemisphere lampreys, and will likely continue to do so into the future.

rey鱼是无颚鱼类（Cyclostomata），在世界各地呈反方向分布。在三个现存的角lamp类（Petromyzontidae，Geotriidae和Mordaciidae）中，仅在南半球发现了Geotriidae和Mordaciidae。Geotriidae包括两个溯河产卵物种，G.芦苇和G.大口，而Mordaciidae包括三个种类：Mordacia mordax（溯河产卵），M. lapicida（溯河产卵），和M.早发（居民和非馈送）。与北半球的几种物种相似，南半球的物种也被渔业作为目标。），具有重要文化意义（对毛利人和马普切人而言），许多物种（包括濒危物种）的重要猎物，并被视为了解脊椎动物进化的重要纽带。在进行这项工作之前，有关南半球七lamp鳗的关键信息散布在整个文献中，这阻碍了尝试合成有关这些物种的关键信息的尝试。在这里，我们提供了五个南半球物种的详细描述，以方便技术人员，管理人员，研究人员和其他有关方面的识别工作。然后，我们从100多年的书面资料（例如，同行评审的出版物和代理商报告）中回顾分类法，分布，生物学，遗传学，重要性以及对这些七lamp鳗的威胁，并辅以访谈和土著知识，为了综合和集中关键信息。最后，我们通过确定西方科学知识的差距并提出解决方案来提出建议：这是至关重要的，因为人为的环境变化正在对南半球七lamp鳗产生负面影响，并且在未来很可能会继续如此。