Permissioned blockchains are increasingly being used as a solution to record transactions between companies. Several use cases that leverage permissioned blockchains focus on the representation and management of real-world assets. Since the number of incompatible blockchains is quickly growing, there is an increasing need for a universal mechanism to exchange, or trade, digital assets between these isolated platforms. There currently is no universal mechanism for inter-blockchain asset exchange without a requirement for trusted authorities that coordinate the trade. We address this shortcoming and present XChange, a universal mechanism for asset exchange between permissioned blockchains. To achieve universality and to avoid trusted authorities that coordinate a trade, XChange does not provide atomic guarantees but leverages risk mitigation strategies to reduce value at stake. Our mechanism records the specifications and progression of each trade within records on a distributed log. XChange reduces the economic gains of adversaries by bounding the total amount of fraud they can commit at any time. After having committed fraud, an adversary is forced to finish its ongoing trades before it can engage in new trades. We first present a four-phased protocol that coordinates an asset exchange between two traders. We then outline how trade records can be stored on TrustChain, which is a lightweight distributed ledger specifically built for the tamper-proof storage of data elements. We implement XChange and conduct experiments. Our experiments demonstrate that XChange is capable of reducing the economic gains of adversaries by more than 99.9% when replaying a real-world trading dataset. A deployment on low-resource devices reveals that the latency added to a trade by XChange is only 493 milliseconds. Finally, our scalability evaluation shows that XChange achieves over 1’000 trades per second and that its throughput, in terms of trades per second, scales linearly with the system load.

许可的区块链正越来越多地被用作记录公司之间交易的解决方案。利用许可区块链的几个用例集中在现实世界资产的表示和管理上。由于不兼容的区块链的数量正在迅速增长，因此越来越需要一种在这些隔离的平台之间交换或交易数字资产的通用机制。目前尚无通用区块链间资产交换的机制，无需协调交易的受信机构。我们解决了这个缺点，并提出了XChange，这是一种在许可的区块链之间进行资产交换的通用机制。为了实现通用性并避免可信任的机构协调交易，XChange不提供基本担保，而是利用风险缓解策略来降低风险价值。我们的机制在分布式日志中的记录中记录每笔交易的规格和进度。XChange通过限制对手随时可能进行的欺诈总量来降低其经济利益。进行欺诈后，对手被迫完成其正在进行的交易，然后才能从事新交易。我们首先提出一个四阶段协议，该协议协调两个交易者之间的资产交换。然后，我们概述了交易记录如何存储在TrustChain上，TrustChain是专门为数据元素的防篡改存储而构建的轻型分布式分类帐。我们实施XChange并进行实验。我们的实验表明，当重播真实交易数据集时，XChange能够将对手的经济收益减少99.9％以上。在低资源设备上的部署表明，XChange为交易增加的延迟仅为493毫秒。最后，我们的可伸缩性评估表明，XChange每秒可完成1000笔交易，并且其吞吐量（以每秒交易数计）与系统负载呈线性比例关系。这是一种轻量级的分布式分类帐，专门用于数据元素的防篡改存储。我们实施XChange并进行实验。我们的实验表明，当重播真实交易数据集时，XChange能够将对手的经济收益减少99.9％以上。在低资源设备上的部署表明，XChange为交易增加的延迟仅为493毫秒。最后，我们的可伸缩性评估表明，XChange每秒可完成1000笔交易，并且其吞吐量（以每秒交易数计）与系统负载呈线性比例关系。这是一种轻量级的分布式分类帐，专门用于数据元素的防篡改存储。我们实施XChange并进行实验。我们的实验表明，当重播真实交易数据集时，XChange能够将对手的经济收益减少99.9％以上。在低资源设备上的部署表明，XChange为交易增加的延迟仅为493毫秒。最后，我们的可伸缩性评估表明，XChange每秒可完成1000笔交易，并且其吞吐量（以每秒交易数计）与系统负载呈线性比例关系。我们的实验表明，当重播真实交易数据集时，XChange能够将对手的经济收益减少99.9％以上。在低资源设备上的部署表明，XChange为交易增加的延迟仅为493毫秒。最后，我们的可伸缩性评估表明，XChange每秒可完成1000笔交易，并且其吞吐量（以每秒交易数计）与系统负载呈线性比例关系。我们的实验表明，当重播真实交易数据集时，XChange能够将对手的经济收益减少99.9％以上。在低资源设备上的部署表明，XChange为交易增加的延迟仅为493毫秒。最后，我们的可伸缩性评估表明，XChange每秒可完成1000笔交易，并且其吞吐量（以每秒交易数计）与系统负载呈线性比例关系。