Stroke causes systemic immunosuppression. T lymphocytes are involved in infarct size in the early stages of stroke. However, the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and their functions in peripheral immune organs and the brain have not been well analyzed in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Here, we investigated pathological phenotypic alterations in the systemic immune response, especially changes in T lymphocytes, from one day to six months after ischemic stroke in mice. Impairment in thymocyte numbers, development, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed for up to two weeks. The number of mature T cells in the spleen and blood decreased and showed reduced interferon-γ production. Increased numbers of CD4^-CD8^-CD3⁺ double-negative T cells were observed in the mouse brain during the early stages of stroke, whereas interleukin (IL)-10⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T lymphocytes increased from two weeks during the chronic phase. These phenotypes correlated with body weight and neurological severity scores. The recovery of T lymphocyte numbers and increases in IL-10⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T lymphocytes may be important for long-term neurological outcomes. Dynamic changes in T lymphocytes between the acute and chronic phases may play different roles in pathogenesis and recovery. This study provides fundamental information regarding the T lymphocyte alterations from the brain to the peripheral immune organs following stroke.

中文翻译：

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小鼠缺血性卒中后，从急性期到慢性期，外周和大脑之间的T淋巴细胞动态变化。

中风引起全身免疫抑制。T淋巴细胞参与了中风早期的梗死面积。然而，在中风的急性和慢性阶段，尚未很好地分析T淋巴细胞的表型及其在外周免疫器官和大脑中的功能。在这里，我们调查了小鼠缺血性中风后1天到6个月内全身免疫反应的病理表型改变，特别是T淋巴细胞的变化。在长达两周的时间内观察到胸腺细胞数量，发育，增殖和凋亡的受损。脾脏和血液中成熟T细胞的数量减少，并显示干扰素-γ产生减少。CD4 ^- CD8 ^- CD3 ^+的数量增加在中风的早期阶段，在小鼠大脑中观察到了双阴性T细胞，而在慢性期的两周中，白细胞介素（IL）-10 ⁺ Foxp3 ⁺调节性T淋巴细胞增加。这些表型与体重和神经系统严重程度评分相关。T淋巴细胞数量的恢复以及IL-10 ⁺ Foxp3 ⁺调节性T淋巴细胞的增加对于长期的神经系统结局可能很重要。急性期和慢性期之间T淋巴细胞的动态变化可能在发病机理和恢复中发挥不同的作用。这项研究提供了有关中风后从大脑到外周免疫器官的T淋巴细胞变化的基本信息。