Purpose

Since the first automated container terminal (ACT) was introduced at Europe Container Terminals Delta Terminal in Port Rotterdam back in the year 1992, a lot of research had been done to improve the management of ACT. However, up until recently, the number of literature available still appeared scarce. Hence, this paper aims to review the collection of literature about ACT to generate an exhaustive summary to answer the formulated review question in this study.

Design/methodology/approach

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to narrow down the search parameters of literature retrieved so that only relevant articles were only selected. The systematic literature reviews were applied to analyse the content of the articles retrieved to determine its journal ranking, research findings and timeline of publications.

Findings

The adoption of ACT technology by container terminal operators could increase the terminal efficiency in productivity, cost reduction and environmental sustainability. Owing to global environmental awareness, the research trend of container terminal field and container terminal operator in the terminal design is much more environmentally friendly oriented.

Research limitations/implications

The limited numbers of experts in the management of ACT are causing challenges in data collections.

Practical implications

The analysis of the global ACT trend could help academicians and industrial investors to review the revolution timeline of maritime technology in port and shipping that is happening rapidly.

Originality/value

The analysis of timeline and collective literature leads to the propose of the conceptual framework to determine the relationship between increased productivity, cost reduction and environmentally sustainable.

中文翻译：

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自动化集装箱码头的全球趋势：系统文献综述

目的

自 1992 年在鹿特丹港的欧洲集装箱码头三角洲码头引入第一个自动化集装箱码头 (ACT) 以来，已经进行了大量研究以改进 ACT 的管理。然而，直到最近，可用的文献数量仍然显得稀少。因此，本文旨在回顾有关 ACT 的文献集，以生成详尽的总结来回答本研究中制定的评论问题。

设计/方法/方法

系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目，以缩小检索到的文献的搜索参数，以便仅选择相关文章。系统文献综述用于分析检索到的文章的内容，以确定其期刊排名、研究结果和发表时间。

发现

集装箱码头运营商采用 ACT 技术可以提高码头在生产力、成本降低和环境可持续性方面的效率。由于全球的环保意识，集装箱码头领域和集装箱码头运营商在码头设计方面的研究趋势更加环保。

研究限制/影响

ACT 管理专家数量有限，这给数据收集带来了挑战。

实际影响

对全球 ACT 趋势的分析可以帮助院士和工业投资者回顾正在迅速发生的港口和航运海事技术的革命时间表。

原创性/价值

对时间线和集体文献的分析导致提出概念框架，以确定提高生产力、降低成本和环境可持续性之间的关系。