Purpose

This paper aims to examine the money laundering vulnerability of private legal practitioners in Tanzania, the involvement of these practitioners in money laundering activities and their role in preventing, detecting and thwarting money laundering and its predicate crimes.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies the “black-letter” law research approach to describe, examine and analyze the anti-money laundering law in Tanzania. It also uses the “law-in-context” research approach to interrogate the anti-money laundering law and to provide an understanding of factors impacting on the efficacy and readiness of private legal practitioners in Tanzania to tackle money laundering. The review of literature and analysis of statutory instruments and case law, reports of the anti-money laundering authorities and agencies and media reports-generated data are used in this paper. This information was complemented by data from interviews of purposively selected private legal practitioners.

Findings

Private legal practitioners in Tanzania are vulnerable to money laundering. There is an emerging evidence that indicates the involvement of some private legal practitioners in the commission of money laundering and/or its predicate crimes. The law designates the legal practitioners as reporting persons and imposes on the obligation to fight against money laundering. Law-related factors and practical challenges undermine the capacity of the legal practitioners to curb money laundering. Additionally, certain hostile perceptions contribute to the legal practitioners’ unwillingness, indifference or opposition against the fight against money laundering.

Research limitations/implications

The paper underscores the need for Tanzania to reform its policy and legal frameworks to create enabling environment for anti-money laundering gatekeepers, including private legal practitioners to partake efficiently in the fight against money laundering. It also underlines the importance of incorporating the principles that govern the private legal practise to enable the practitioners to partake effectively in tackling money laundering.

Originality/value

This paper generates useful information to private legal practitioners, policy makers and academicians on issues relating to money laundering and its control in Tanzania and presents recommendations on possible policy and legal reforms that can be adopted and applied to augment the role of the legal practitioners in Tanzania to combat money laundering.

中文翻译：

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坦桑尼亚的洗钱问题：私人法律从业者是犯罪推动者还是无效且不情愿的守门人？

目的

本文旨在研究坦桑尼亚私人法律从业者洗钱的脆弱性、这些从业者参与洗钱活动的情况以及他们在预防、发现和挫败洗钱及其上游犯罪方面的作用。

设计/方法/方法

本文运用“黑字”法研究方法对坦桑尼亚的反洗钱法进行描述、审查和分析。它还使用“上下文中的法律”研究方法来审问反洗钱法，并了解影响坦桑尼亚私人法律从业人员应对洗钱的效率和准备情况的因素。本文使用了文献综述和法定文书和判例法的分析、反洗钱当局和机构的报告以及媒体报道生成的数据。这些信息得到了有目的地选择的私人法律从业者的访谈数据的补充。

发现

坦桑尼亚的私人法律从业者容易受到洗钱的影响。新出现的证据表明一些私人法律从业人员参与了洗钱和/或其上游犯罪。法律指定法律从业人员为举报人，并规定了打击洗钱的义务。法律相关因素和实际挑战削弱了法律从业人员遏制洗钱的能力。此外，某些敌对看法导致法律从业人员不愿意、漠不关心或反对打击洗钱活动。

研究限制/影响

该文件强调坦桑尼亚需要改革其政策和法律框架，为反洗钱守门人创造有利环境，包括私人法律从业者有效参与打击洗钱活动。它还强调了纳入管理私人法律实践的原则的重要性，以使从业者能够有效地参与打击洗钱活动。

原创性/价值

本文为私人法律从业者、政策制定者和学者提供了有关坦桑尼亚洗钱及其控制问题的有用信息，并就可能采取和应用的政策和法律改革提出了建议，以加强坦桑尼亚法律从业者的作用以打击洗钱活动。