Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore spatiotemporal factors that affect the empirical analysis of whether crime rates in buffer areas surrounding abandoned properties transferred to a Land Bank that differed among three regimes: before transfer, during Land Bank stewardship and after disposition and whether those differences were associated with differences in relative crime activity in the neighborhoods in which they were located.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed crime incidents occurring between 2010 and 2018 in 0.1-mile buffer areas surrounding 31 abandoned properties sold by the Land Bank and their neighborhoods in which those properties were located. Using Copulas, researchers compared concordance/discordance in the buffer areas across the three regime states for each property and approximately matched time periods for associated neighborhoods.

Findings

In a substantial number of cases, the relative crime activity levels for buffer areas surrounding individual sold properties as measured by the Copulas shifted from concordant to discordant states and vice versa. Similarly, relative crime activity levels for neighborhoods shifted from concordant to discordant states across three matched regimes. In some cases, the property and neighborhood states matched, while in other cases they diverged. These cross-level interactions indicate that criminal behavioral patterns and target selection change over time and relative criminal activity. The introduction of Copulas can improve the reliability of such models over time and when and where they should be customized to add more granular insights needed by law enforcement agencies.

Research limitations/implications

The introduction of Copulas can improve the spatiotemporal reliability of the analysis of criminal activity over space and time.

Practical implications

Spatiotemporal considerations should be incorporated in setting interventions to manage criminal activity.

Social implications

This study provides support for policies supporting renovation of abandoned properties.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first application of Copulas to crime impact studies. As noted, Copulas can help reduce the risk of applying intervention or enforcement programs that are no longer reliable or lack the precision provided by insights into convergent/divergent patterns of criminal activity.

中文翻译：

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重构属性、地点和犯罪范式：探索时空制度变迁

目的

本研究的目的是探讨影响对废弃财产周围缓冲区的犯罪率是否在三种制度下转移到土地银行的实证分析的时空因素：转移前、土地银行管理期间和处置后，以及这些差异是否与他们所在社区的相对犯罪活动的差异有关。

设计/方法/方法

这项研究分析了 2010 年至 2018 年间发生在土地银行出售的 31 处废弃房产及其所在社区周围 0.1 英里缓冲区内的犯罪事件。使用 Copulas，研究人员比较了缓冲区中每个属性的三个政权状态的一致性/不一致，以及相关社区的大致匹配时间段。

发现

在大量案例中，由 Copulas 衡量的个别已售财产周围缓冲区的相对犯罪活动水平从一致状态转变为不一致状态，反之亦然。同样，在三个匹配的制度中，社区的相对犯罪活动水平从一致状态转变为不一致状态。在某些情况下，房产和邻里状态是匹配的，而在其他情况下，它们是不同的。这些跨层次的相互作用表明犯罪行为模式和目标选择随着时间和相关犯罪活动而变化。随着时间的推移，Copulas 的引入可以提高此类模型的可靠性，并且应该在何时何地对其进行定制，以增加执法机构所需的更精细的洞察力。

研究限制/影响

Copulas 的引入可以提高犯罪活动在空间和时间上的分析的时空可靠性。

实际影响

在制定管理犯罪活动的干预措施时，应考虑时空因素。

社会影响

本研究为支持废弃物业改造的政策提供支持。

原创性/价值

据作者所知，这项研究是 Copulas 首次应用于犯罪影响研究。如前所述，Copulas 可以帮助降低应用不再可靠或缺乏对犯罪活动的收敛/发散模式洞察力所提供的精确度的干预或执法计划的风险。