Purpose

This study aims to investigate the legal consequences of the use of force majeure (FM) clause in a contract related to the prospect of business sustainability. In addition, this paper also examines the legal risk perspective toward the interpretation of FM clauses in contracts that incorporate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design in this paper uses the normative juridical method, which means that it is carried out with library research on secondary data in the field of law, in the form of primary and secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Primary legal materials are in the form of regulations relating to the variable topics of this paper, namely, FM, COVID-19, contracts and legal risk management (LRM).

Findings

The study found that studies of FM are still limited in terms of the aspects of contract sustainability, and none has reviewed them using the LRM paradigm.

Research limitations/implications

Given the fact that this pandemic is still ongoing and uncertain, the extent to which the broadening of the interpretation of FM in the contract by the parties and how much the designs offered above can help the parties, will greatly depend on the commitment of the parties. However, if the orientation is to maintain a long-term business relationship, it still fulfills the essence of a win–win solution that will greatly assist the parties in determining the continuity of the contract.

Practical implications

The results of this study are expected to provide benefit to the parties in an agreement affected by the COVID-19 outbreak and by regulators who wish to provide a legal basis in contract law.

Social implications

Long-term business relationships will create sound, peaceful and conducive environment for modern business. This kind of situation will sustain the business as expected.

Originality/value

This study concludes that the interpretation of FM can be extended to accommodate the interests of the parties to the contract by considering several principles in contract law and other relevant clauses. In addition, this study also produced four essential designs for LRM oriented to long-term business relationships in a win–win solution.

中文翻译：

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法律风险管理：COVID-19大流行是否可以作为不可抗力条款包含在合同中？

目的

这项研究旨在调查与业务可持续性前景相关的合同中使用不可抗力（FM）条款的法律后果。此外，本文还研究了包含2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行情况的合同中对FM条款的解释的法律风险观点。

设计/方法/方法

本文的研究设计采用规范性的司法方法，这意味着它是通过图书馆研究法律领域的次要数据进行的，主要形式为次要法律材料和第三次法律材料。主要法律材料采用与本文的可变主题相关的法规形式，即FM，COVID-19，合同和法律风险管理（LRM）。

发现

该研究发现，关于FM的研究在合同可持续性方面仍然很有限，没有人使用LRM范式对其进行审查。

研究局限/意义

鉴于这一大流行病仍在持续和不确定的事实，当事方扩大对合同中FM的解释的程度以及上述提供的设计对当事方有多大帮助，将在很大程度上取决于当事方的承诺。 。但是，如果以保持长期的业务关系为导向，则它仍将实现双赢解决方案的实质，这将极大地帮助双方确定合同的连续性。

实际影响

预期该研究的结果将为受COVID-19疫情影响的协议中的各方以及希望为合同法提供法律依据的监管机构提供利益。

社会影响

长期的业务关系将为现代业务创造良好，和平与有利的环境。这种情况将维持预期的业务。

创意/价值

本研究的结论是，通过考虑合同法中的若干原则和其他相关条款，可以扩展FM的解释以适应合同各方的利益。此外，本研究还为双赢解决方案中针对长期业务关系的LRM提出了四个基本设计。