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Global inequities and healthcare disparities: can they be eliminated ethically?
International Journal of Ethics and Systems Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.1108/ijoes-11-2020-0175
Hengameh Hosseini

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore and propose solutions to global economic inequities and disparities, with a particular focus on healthcare. This paper also aims to explore whether drastic reductions of inequality are justified in terms of conventional economic theory, and whether ending inequality can be viewed as ethical through certain lenses.

Design/methodology/approach

To seek the response to those questions, the paper uses Pareto optimality; Hicks–Kaldor model; Millian utilitarianism; the ethical theories developed by John Rawls in his 1971 work on ethics as well as his 1999 Law of People; and the capability approach developed by Noble Laureate economists Amartya Sen. As demonstrated, those equalizing works cannot support a policy that would advocate an end to global inequities. Those theories also propose no practical solutions for the end of those extreme inequities. Thus, the paper attempts to present other solutions.

Findings

This paper discusses two theories that are very helpful in supporting those without much wealth. Mohammad Yunus’ Grameen Bank and its provision of small free-interest loans to poor businesses (in particular women) in Bangladesh has been very successful. Another alternative advocating interest-free banking that was proposed by the proponents of binary economics is discussed.

Originality/value

The author believes the arguments used to support the theses of this paper be unique and novel.



中文翻译:

全球不平等和医疗保健差距:是否可以从伦理上消除它们?

目的

本文的目的是全面探讨并提出解决全球经济不平等和差异的解决方案,特别是医疗保健。本文还旨在探讨用传统的经济学理论是否可以大幅度地减少不平等现象,以及是否可以从某些角度将结束性不平等现象视为道德的。

设计/方法/方法

为了寻求对这些问题的回答,本文使用帕累托最优性。希克斯-卡尔多模型;米利的功利主义;约翰·罗尔斯(John Rawls)在1971年的伦理学著作和1999年的《人民法》中提出的伦理理论;正如证明的那样,那些均等的工作不能支持提倡终结全球不平等的政策。这些理论也没有提出解决这些极端不平等现象的切实可行的解决方案。因此,本文试图提出其他解决方案。

发现

本文讨论了两种理论,这些理论对于支持那些没有太多财富的人非常有帮助。穆罕默德·尤努斯(Mohammad Yunus)的格莱en银行(Grameen Bank)以及向孟加拉国的贫困企业(尤其是妇女)提供的小额无息贷款非常成功。讨论了由二元经济学的支持者提出的另一种提倡无息银行业务的方法。

创意/价值

作者认为,用于支持本文论点的论点是独特而新颖的。

更新日期:2021-04-02
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